Tastemirova Zh.A., Sattybaeva Z.K.
A.Baitursynov Kostanai State University., Kazakhstan
The investment policy in
agricultural production
From the message of President Nursultan
Nazarbaev of Kazakhstan, sustainable and balanced formation of the republic should
be achieved through increased diversification and increasing competitiveness of
the national economy. In
this context, production AIC must ensure food security of the country, the
implementation of the export potential, especially in the markets of the
countries of the Customs Union, Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Middle East;
improve the welfare of rural workers and residents.
The share of investments in the core capital in general volume of
investments is about 2%. Whereas in other countries the figure is 25% more on a
par with substantial state aid producers. Moreover, the worse the production
data, the higher the support.
Over recent years the number of cars - tractor fleet decreased by 3
times a year when updating no more than 2-3% of the operation is disposed of
13-15%, that is open is within 6-7%. As a result, increased load on one tractor
and combine harvester, which has a negative impact on compliance with
scientifically based special technologies in crop and livestock. A provision of
livestock facilities and equipment does not allow to implement the total
mechanization of production processes, consequently dominated by manual labor.
Investment to create a mechanism to ensure the formation of innovation
in the agricultural sector need to implement: growth and effectiveness of the
use of sources of investment, development of investment policy, improvement of
the legal framework favorable treatment of investment. This will allow to
ensure the formation of the material - technical base of agriculture, to help
the establishment of industry innovation, improve the financial stability of
the agricultural sector to ensure food security of the country, to realize the
probability of export industry, to create a design on the formation of rural
non-farm activities, provide employment and increase profits of rural dwellers
reduce investment risks for private capital through a surety or part of the
state.
Meeting the challenges facing the economy, including agriculture, the
transition to a new stage of high quality - a sustainable recovery can only be
a result of their innovation-oriented formation, allows to solve problems fast
becoming the economy, domestic market saturation stout domestic food supply,
ensure food security of the country, strengthen the competitive superiority of
Kazakh products in domestic and foreign markets.
The current state of innovation in the agricultural sector of the
country is characterized by instability, lack of effective mechanism for the
implementation of innovations that promote expanded reproduction. Low
innovation attractiveness of the agricultural sector due to the high risks and
poor levels of investment, high interest rates on loans to agribusiness
companies deny the probability to search for innovation, their development and
implementation. Besides, the situation is
aggravated by the low qualifications of modern management of enterprises not
providing effective innovation-oriented economy in the formation of market
conditions.
These circumstances
cause the need for activation of devising scientifically - based system of
measures aimed at improving the innovation mechanism and organization
innovation in agribusiness ..
In Kazakhstan, the productivity increases in agricultural production.
However, the problem of food supply entirely population own food production so
far has not been solved.
The special value of the agricultural sector to
stimulate investment activity due to the fact that, firstly, this industry has
intersectoral communication with processing complex, resulting in the formation
of their investment in creating the largest cumulative result of stimulating
demand for products related areas, and forming them into personal investment potential. Secondly, for the production of these areas
is characterized by massive and sustained demand in the domestic market. Third, many kinds of light and processing industry is
competitive not only in domestic but also in some foreign markets.
This direction of state structural policy can be
implemented on a smaller burden on the budget, because, in addition to direct
investment, is to develop organizational and legal measures that allow the
sector to open sources of credit and private investment, including foreign
investment. We
also need a sensible public policy protectionism against these trends.
To create an effective investment mechanism in
the agricultural sector need to solve the following problem: a sharp increase
in the volume of investment in fixed capital from all sources; steps to
implement the decentralization of the investment process, to increase the share
of equity in the agricultural general volume of capital investments, increase
the role of depreciation; allocate public investment for production purposes on
a competitive basis; implement
return centralization of capital investments; expand the practice of joint
public-trade financing plans; to increase state
control over the spending of budget funds allocated for investment; expand the
practice of insurance and guarantee state-supported investment plans; encourage
foreign investment.
In the context of the crisis justified the
investment objective of cooperation on economic subjects. This organizational
structure increases the probability of accumulating financial and credit
sources and their concentration in the priority points of growth, creates
investment base vigorous structural policies.
A priority investment policy in the near future
should be and help investment in the sector of small and medium-sized
businesses. It
does not require huge public funds. At the same
time the need for significant investment, created with state support of small
and medium-sized businesses, to focus on domestic manufacturers of specialized
equipment for small business forms.
Revival of investment activity is a prerequisite
for exit of agricultural enterprises on a sustainable path of economic growth.
World and domestic skill indicate that without activating the role of the
state, local authorities in the investment process through its direct and
indirect regulation of overcoming depressive state of the economy, as amended,
and the growth of economic potential of agriculture, unreal.
To Improve investment in the agricultural sector
will allow:
- Modernize and technically upgrade agribusiness
companies, to create all the necessary data for the production of competitive
products on the world market; give the probability of integration of domestic
agricultural production in the world space and find their "niche" in
the global division of labor;
-Improve barter agricultural organizations with
industrial enterprises, improve the economy of the region thereby;
-Provide for the growth of production capacity
increase in the level of employment that will help reduce social tension in the
countryside.
The main factors stimulating investment
processes are: the presence of scientific and technical developments, stable
profitability of investment in fixed assets; increased demand for products;
appropriate material and technical base.