Samoylov A.N.

Southern Federal University, Russia

Distance education: implementation of the basic models in practice

This article analyzes the definition of theoretical construct "model", a typology of models in modern domestic pedagogy, reflective of their structure and content to identify features of the implementation models of education in practice.

"The model of education - formed by sign systems thinking analogues (logical constructs) schematically showing the educational practices in general or its fragments ". Models are divided into three types: a) descriptive, giving an idea of mission, structure , basic elements of educational practice ; b) functional, showing the formation of the system of its links with the social environment ; c) prognostic giving theoretically reasoned picture of the future state of educational practice. In other words, the educational model - a theoretical construct that embodies the understanding of the phenomenon of education and practical implementation of this model.

In the educational model includes technologies, methodologies, methodical system. Models are closely related to pedagogical theories, concepts. The model includes: the structure of the educational model; organizing training course; course content; organization model of group of students; tests and inspections; management students; evaluation of the learning process.

Theoretical modeling of the learning process may be carried out with the help of epistemic and cognitive functions of the mark in the text. In this case, both functions are aimed at cognition: decoding depth, revealing the genesis, verification and assimilation of the text content . Hermeneutical approach , offering use of the mark as a unit formalization education opens up theoretical and pedagogical thinking up new possibilities of scientific research.

Concept of "sign" was originally limited to a region of natural language; with the development of semiotics in its scope included almost all kinds of cultural activities. The main requirement to sign ( regardless of the area of the text): it should be clear to others; have the necessary social value; be included in the process of cultural communication.

Mark (as a structural unit of a language) is a form of storage of knowledge about reality ( epistemic function); means of gaining new knowledge ( cognitive or cognitive function ) . Single character has a limited ability to perform these functions. Text has limitless possibilities . "Text" in semiotics - a meaningful sequence of any characters. Text can be viewed as a cultural phenomenon, serving as a store of knowledge. Adhering to the semiotic approach , with certain reservations system we assign different characters for languages. In modern conditions the concept of "language" is applied to many forms of human activity , " the language of art", " the language of architecture", "dance language", "language of cinema", etc.

Language is closely related to thinking, providing design ideas and the exchange of information between people. If the text - is a form of information storage, the language - learning tool while breeding epistemic and epistemological functions between the text and the language is rather arbitrary. Sign, text, language and thought are substantial elements of consciousness, education and culture.

Semiotic approach leads a person to a completely new and quite specific structure of behavior, torpedoes tradition and natural development for the first time to create a new form of cultural behavior. Culture begins with the invention sign an adult, and education - with the use of this sign child. Thanks semiotic approach consciousness teacher transferred to the logical top education.

Sign delineates the border that connects education and culture. "Semiotics of Culture , by definition YM Lotman - is not only that culture functions as a system of signs. The attitude to the sign and signification is one of the main typological characteristics of culture".

Category is a basic text in the theoretical study of culture and its subsystems: "Culture in general can be represented as a set of texts ; but from the perspective of the researchers more accurate to speak of culture as a mechanism that creates a set of texts and texts as on the implementation of culture " [ ibid.] Culture and education initially identical , as their common genotype seems to text and object of theoretical pedagogy is education as "semiosphera" as "complexly structured text" in the context of culture.

Educational, thought process is carried out in the system of double coding: information is made in the text by the same rules , then re-encoded and represented in the new text. Reproduction of information - a complex process. Knowledge- oriented learning involves reconstruction of pupil information in strict accordance with the original; reproductive learning - the transformation of the educational text according to the rules. A more complex type of training is focused on getting new training tests. In intelligent educational system creates conditions for the manifestation of creative independence and convert raw data into new posts. Such forms of creative activity are essays, reports, implementation of the project and its protection etc. This gives grounds to consider learning as a whole as an intellectual activity.

Semiotic bipolarity children and adult consciousness represented in subject -subject of the theoretical model of the educational process. Educational text serves as a carrier of information, as it is a sign system and has a language. The child's language is a fragmentary, associative spoken language. Based on this, perhaps speak of a semiotic opposition text relative to the child's consciousness. The student may work with text only in the presence of high culture, sufficient education.

In - text subject - subject model of moving messages from the child's consciousness in the semantic space of the text (and vice versa) is not possible, but an education based on a system of educational texts, occurs. The main merit of this process belongs to the teacher, his training. Teacher owns content texts used in the classroom, in scientific terms, indicating that the professional competence of the teacher, and from abstract theoretical positions - on the formation of metalinguistic awareness.

Consider knowledge model / knowledge training in system integration Intra. Education - the process of learning, formation of skills. Theoretical modeling of the learning process is based on two provisions of the assignment axiomatic development and learning. According to the model , the main structural components of the learning process are: intentionality , recognition, recoding . In this pedagogical intentionality - is an active focus on the consciousness of the student study text, due to the original unity of consciousness and knowledge ( text). The process of recognition determines the conditions under which the text can be recognizable student. Recoding gives access to the assimilation of new knowledge.

The subject is an integrated system and is considered by us as a kind of completed part of the learning process. Adequate understanding of the subject as a differentiated system occurs within the boundaries of semiotics. Educational discipline is represented as complexly text where different subteksty interact and (corresponding to these subtekstam) languages. Important role in the organization of the subject play continuous and discrete languages. Continual languages correspond art, discrete - science.

For our study, it is of interest Intrasubject integration. Intra integration mechanisms can be of four types: a meta-language (language teachers); Accentuation content (compound heterogeneous elements and the creation of these holistic educational space); assignment rules of conduct (the educational process is represented as a system of signs , as a text whose meaning is clear); creolization learning languages (adaptation speech teacher to pupil level thinking ). Semiotic heterogeneity and system integration mechanisms - dialectical opposites, which is carried out through the educational process.

Integration of education is characterized by three principles:

- Integration and differentiation;

- Anthropocentrism;

- Kulturosoobraznogo (educational texts within a certain range of the educational system are in the same relationship where they are in the culture.)

The educational system is congruent culture content and interconnection of educational texts. Culture, according to YM Lotman, can be compared with semiosphere mechanisms which provide intensive generation of new knowledge. The ability to create new texts predetermines education, so it can also be regarded as semiosphere , adequate culture. Training texts are of no value in the scale of culture, but significant for the process of personal spiritual growth student. These species include written work (essays, essays), practical and creative work. Tekstotvorchestvo is a way to develop student awareness, which can be regarded as semiosphere included in the semiotic space of education and culture.

The genetic similarity of education and culture is that both of these realities historically derived from the text, and their existence is evident in the extent to which they are able to create new texts. Education identically culture. If the culture of a society - the method and form of spiritual interaction of many people, the culture of education - a way to shape the development of consciousness and personality. Educational and cultural identity is determined by the principle of cultural conformity: culture has historically not exist to education, and education logically and actually does not exist without culture. Kulturosoobraznosti principle defines a common way of organizing education and individual education systems. In the modern scientific principle expressed kulturosoobraznogo.

Objective analysis of concepts, models, education and training, developed pedagogical thought directly affects the ideological and spiritual and moral problems of national identity, cultural and historic identity, humanistic values for human cultures , the formation of new forms of education (distance , e-learning).

Semiotic - information model (V. Metzel) is based on an understanding of culture as a fundamental principle, " infiltrating" all social practices in society , and so is their communicative core. In this model, implemented the concept of learning to articulate a vision of the existence of a plurality of identities, discourses and subcultures which have the equal right to exist in a multidimensional world. The emphasis is on the development of skills coding / decoding images arising in a particular cultural situation (especially in the context of the emergence of mediatizirovannoy culture) through the use of continuous and discrete languages.

Investment process model (S. Haider) describes personality resources affecting her creative process: intelligence, knowledge, thinking style, ability, motivation. Personality is surrounded by views of the sixth resources - context. Joint harping on these factors stimulates creativity manifestations. Initiation depends on the resources and on the application of appropriate techniques and methods . An indication that the process of performance, is a creative product created by learners.

References:

1. Andreev KV, LV Bykasova Sredoorientirovannoe training in the modern university. Modern problems of science and obrazovaniya. 2013. Number 6. (http / / www/science-education.ru/113-11421 date accessed 29.12., 2013)

2. Danyluk AY Theoretical and methodological bases of designing integrated humanitarian educational spaces. Dis .... Doc. ped. Sciences. - Rostov- on-Don, 2001. - 347 p.

3. Dorfman L. Leontiev D., Petrov V. Non-classical approach in empirical studies of art. - Monograph. - Moscow, 2002. - P. 14-31; 68-79; 143-164 .

4. Samoylov AN Distance education in high school: architectonic experience in the development of the subject / The Journal KubGAU, № 72 (08), 2011. - C. 389-397. Electronic version.

5. Philosophical Dictionary. - Moscow, 2003. - 575.