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Ph. D. Chigvintseva O.P., Dub V.A., Kanibolotskiy I.A.

 

Dniepropetrovsk State Agrarian-economic University, Dniepropetrovsk

 

ORGANOPLASTICS BASED ON POLYESTER BINDERS  

 

At present the biggest specific gravity in total volume of the polymer production occurs on thermoplastical polymers and composite materials on its base [1-5]. Thermoplasts differ from thermoreactive polymer binders with less duration of technological cycle by the second recast, increased viscosity destruction and less sensibility to the damage and also unlimited expiration date.  Choosing the thermoplasts with different chemical structure and stated elasticity module and deformability, changing type and filler content can greatly expand branded range of the composites materials: range of application – deformational-constructional, high endurance, high module, fireproof, chemical and waterproof, electrotechnical, frictionproof, etc.; recast – founding under pressure, extrusion, pultrusion, vacuum- and pneumoforming, covering, pressure stamping, melting etc. [6-8].

More than 50% of general volume of thermoplast production belongs to large-capacity polymers of general purpose (polyethylen, polyvinilchloride, polystirol), the rest one belongs to the construction plastic (polyethylene, aliphatic polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polymethylacrylates, polycarbonates) and polymers with peculiar physical and specific properties [9-11].  Upper temperature of a longstanding exploitation of large-capacity polymers is situated lower 373K, and we can slightly increase this temperature by modification. Upper temperature of a longstanding      exploitation about 423K has just some members of constructional plastics, such as polycarbonate, unsaturated polyesters, cross-linked poly urethanes, polyamides [9, 10].

It is known that modern machines and aparatus work in rather intensive exploitation regimes (at high speeds and loads), at that such tendency is indicative for as new areas of technics, as for the traditional branch of industry such as automobile manufacturing, agricultural engineering industry, production of household appliances and medical equipment [12-15]. That’s why for improving main exploitation characteristics of thermoplastic binders with the purpose of increasing their term of working capacity in an exploitation hard mode, approach of reinforcing them by discrete fibrous filler is frequently used.

We should refer aramide fiber terlon to perspective reinforcing fillers of the polymer matrices.  This organic fiber can be operated in a wide temperature interval (from 23 to 548K), and has high resistance to repeated deformation, chemical endurance, low thermal shrinkage and a range of other valuable properties [16]. 

With the purpose to create new polymer compositional materials, thermoplastic binders (complex aromatic polyesters polyarylate and polycarbonate, polyether pentaplast) were reinforced by terlon fiber in amount of  5-35 mass % [17-19].

The results of complex research of main thermophysical, physical and mechanical characteristics of developed polymer composites show us that they significantly depend on polymer binder nature, as discontinuous fibers content.  In particular, it is established that organoplastics based on polyarylate (1.64 kJ/kg × K) have the maximum average heat capacity at the temperatures 298-498K, and organoplastics based on pentaplast (1.40 kJ/kg ×  K) have minimum one. Temperature curves of specific heat capacity of researched organoplastics have analogous character: at the temperatures 298-398K we can see linear enhance of heat capacity; in the organoplastics transition area from glass into high elastic state (423-473 K) is shown its intensive growth, after which sharp decreasing is happened.  High values of heat conduction coefficient have organoplastics based on pentaplast (0.43-            0.47 W/m × Ê) and polycarbonate (0.33-0.39 W/m × Ê), at the same time organo-plastics based on polyarylate is in a range of 0.29-0.33 W/m × Ê  [20] (fig. 1).

Considering that the polyarylate refers to heat resistant polymer matrices, rather regular is the fact that organoplastics on its base also have the highest heat resistance according to VICat in comparison with other researched polyesters (table  1).

It also takes notice the fact that all developed organoplastics have lower temperature coefficient of linear thermal expansion in comparison with polyesters    (in average in 4-6 times).  Organoplastics based  on  pentaplast has  high physical and

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of specific heat capacity (Ñð)

and heat conduction  coefficient (l) of organoplastics based on pentaplast (1), polyarylate (2) and polycarbonate (3)

 

Table 1. Influence of terlon content on heat resistance

according to polyester VICat

Polyester binders

Terlon content, mass %

–

5

15

25

Polyaryate

473

475

477

483

Polycarbonate

425

427

431

435

Pentaplast

427

430

437

440

 

mechanical indices:  tensile strength at compression for them increase on                 26-124 MPa in comparison with base polymers, while it increases on 5-69 MPa for organoplastics based on polycarbonate. Significant (on 70 MPa) enhance of flintiness according to Brinell was established for organoplastics based on pentaplast; the enhance was just 26 MPa for organoplastics based on polyarylate.  As a result of faulty adhesive bonds of fibrous filler with the polymer matrix, reinforcing of base polyester by discrete organoplastics don’t let create plastics with high impact resistance.  However, considering the fact that polycarbonate refers to the amount of the most shockproof thermoplastic matrices, the samples made from it has the highest shockproof in comparison with other polyesters (95-20 kJ/m2). Analysis of concentration dependences of studied characteristics shows that the samples contented less than 25 mass % of terlon has the most optimal complex of properties.  

In whole, the research results let us to conclude that reinforcing of polyester binders by aramide terlon fiber let us to create new polymer composites with enhanced properties complex, and it gives an opportunity of their using in a wide temperature interval and in more rough exploitation conditions [21-22].

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20. Chigvintseva O.P., Kiprich V.V. Studying  the  thermo-physical  properties  of  organoplastics based on thermoplastic binders // Materials from VI International problem-oriented exhibit-conference “Composites and glass plastics 2013”. - 24-25.04.2013. - Zaporozhje. - P. 59-60.

21. Chigvintseva O.P., Golovyatinskaya V.V.  Studying  of thermophysical  proper-ties of  organoplastics based on pentaplast   // Scientific life. - 2013. - ¹2. -  P. 54-62.

22. Chigvintseva O.P., Dub V.A., Lisnyak L.A. Studying of  exploitation character-ristic of composites based on polycarbonate // Collected scientific works on materials of International scientific conference “Theoretical and practical aspects of scientific researches”  - 30. 04. 2014. - P. 4-7.