Экономические науки/15.Государственное регулирование экономики

Master’s student in Economics Zhumasheva M. E

Kazakh national university named after Al-Farabi, Kazakhstan

The economic basis of local self-government system in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Local government as a direct expression of the people's power as close to the population, affects the interests of every citizen, solves most of his problems every day. Local self-government allows citizens to participate consciously in the process of creating decent living conditions in their territory, forms the responsibility for solving local problems, and increases their social and civic engagement, serves as a real mechanism of population control over the activities of the management bodies. Another question is there a local self-government, as the basis of economic independence is financial resources, and as we know for example at the lowest level - agriculture and the level of villages, the latter does not have its own budget and has to depend on allocations from regional budgets. All expenses are provided for in the district budget, which leads to the impossibility of realization of the basic principles of self-government, also to the impossibility of realization of independence of akims of rural level, guaranteed by the Constitution.

Recently in Kazakhstan actively discussed the issue of promoting local self-government (LSG). For example, the President of Kazakhstan N. And. Nazarbayev in his program article "SOCIAL MODERNIZATION of KAZAKHSTAN: Twenty steps to Society of Universal Labor" said that "we should develop self-organizing early in the life of Kazakhstan, including local governments, modernize the institutions of civil society, which must become effective instruments of implementation of social initiatives of citizens." The need for further development of local self-government was also mentioned in the President's address to people of Kazakhstan from January 27, 2012.[1]

Today in Kazakhstan we have the Institute of local government, but it is still not established the institution of local government. One of the main reasons is the lack of private economic (property, resources, budget). Economic fundamentals is the existence of authority for the formulation and execution of local budget, the ownership rights in respect of municipal property, and increase control over the tax base of the local community quality use of local resources with the aim of improving the quality of socio-economic conditions of life of the population [2]. Economic fundamentals are one of the main basic elements of the local self-government. They provide economic independence of local authorities, serve the needs of the community and create conditions for normal functioning. They contain the economic potential for the transformation of economic life of local communities, and to deepen the political processes of democratization of the whole society, development of municipal democracy, ensure proper conditions for the exercise of the rights and freedoms of citizens living on the territory of municipalities.

The main component of the economic base is the local budget. Kazakhstan has a two-level budget system, including the Republican and local budgets. Local budgets, regional budgets, budgets Almaty and Astana, as well as the budgets of districts (cities of regional importance) are centralized monetary funds formed at the expense of corresponding revenues that are allocated for financial provision of tasks and functions of local government agencies, in accordance with the level of the state administration with regard to the implementation of the state policy of a certain administrative-territorial unit.[3].

The value of local budgets, including regional governments and cities of regional importance and districts, it is difficult to overestimate; almost all activities in the provision of public services is carried out at this level. Allocation of responsibilities and functional duties in Kazakhstan are made in such a way that
almost all government services available to citizens on the ground, and strategic objectives, centralized procurement and implementation of priority investment projects governed by the Central Executive bodies, Ministries and departments.
A study of expenditures at the local level is interesting from the point of view of the development of intergovernmental relations and identifying features in the field of distribution of funds between the state and local level. In the part of the revenue component of the budget is an interesting formation and management provided by transfers, taxation at the local level and management of property and financial assets. The expenditure part of local budgets is definitely interest in the area of budget allocation in priority areas of social importance, as well as transparent and accountable management of the regional budget as a whole, which implies the inclusion and/or consideration of the views of citizens when making decisions. Along with this, while only stands to state low involvement of citizens in budgetary matters and weak transparency and accountability on the ground.

The Ministry of economic development and trade sees the development of IAS in Kazakhstan through the implementation of two-stage program, where from 2012 to 2016 will expand the capacity of the current control circuit, particularly at lower levels of government; and from 2017 to 2020 will be implemented by the formation of local governments at the lower levels of management. In the first phase goals: 1) enhancing the role of the population in solving local issues through meetings of the local community at the level of villages, settlements, cities of rayon significance; 2) creation of a mechanism of engaging the population of cities in the process of managerial decision-making; and 3) expansion financial autonomy of the lower levels of management. The second phase will be carried out practical exercises in the 2012-2016 period of governance and funding at the lower levels of management should be a basic prerequisite for the formation of local governments.[1]

References:

1. The official website of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan [Electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://www.parlam.kz/ru/mazhilis/news-details/id7915/1/1 (date of access: 20.04.15 year).

2. Balabaeva J. Rural consumer cooperative .) [Electronic resource]. - Mode of access: http://agroinfo.kz/selskij-potrebitelskij-kooperativ-2/ (date of access: 15.04.15 year).

3. Ravens Century Problems and prospects of development of the system of local public administration and self-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan // collection of materials of the round table. Almaty 2001