Economics / 15. State regulation of the economy

Senior Lecturer Gabdullina RJ

Zhetysu State University n.a. I.Zhansugurov,

The Republic of Kazakhstan

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SMALL BUSINESS SUPPORT

Analysis of public financing of SMB in developed countries has both positive and negative experiences. From this point of view it is useful to focus on the problems that occur in the foreign experience of financial and credit support.

The most commonly referred to the significance and duration of the experience of financial and credit support is the experience of the United States and the Agency for Support of Small Business (SBA).

American scheme involves direct support to small businesses directly with public funds and independent coexistence of public and private financing of small businesses. Currently, this scheme works most of the developed countries. In this case, government intervention in the financial infrastructure for small businesses is characterized, in addition to the immediate establishment of criteria for small businesses, direct financing and support for small businesses. With these goals over 50 years ago and was created the Small Business Administration US (SBA). Across the country there are branches SBA, various inter-regional offices and about 1,000 local centers (SBDCs - Small Business Development Centers), financed by the federal government. These centers provide a wide variety of services related to specific projects in various fields. As part of the SBA are updated annually and develop existing programs, creating new directions. Today, their number reached nearly fifty. Each program always has its own specific objectives, customers, segment realization, conditions of participation.

The program "7a" entrepreneur can get warranty if it for some reason do not have this capability in handling the bank. For the sum of not more than 750 thousand. dollars. US warranty is offered by 75% of the loan; no more than 100 thousand. dollars. US - 80%. Term of guarantee: 10 years for working capital and up to 25 years on regular, while the interest rate should not exceed 2.75 point rate loan. According to the program "504" is carried out expansion and modernization of existing small businesses. After analysis of the company's program "504" provides a long-term loan for the purchase of real estate, equipment, technologies. Warranty provided by 40% of the loan, and the maximum amount it does not exceed 1 million. dollars. USA. In our country, this scheme is also reflected: operating in Kazakhstan Small Business Development Fund.

SBA is working with the private sector, state and local authorities and training institutions, offering tools that are part of the government's annual budget cycle and subject to federal audits [1]. Activity of SBA and the government, the state and problems of development of business are discussed annually and are available in the report "Economics of Small Business" US President [2].

In China, small and medium enterprises represent an important force of social and economic development of the country and to promote their development is necessary to ensure a stable rapid development of the national economy. However, this sector is experiencing difficulties in raising capital, borrowing technology and to acquire information. Government improves the system of public procurement placement in this sector, is preparing a skilled and enterprising professionals, assisting in the development of foreign markets.

Of particular practical importance are the provisions for the establishment of "the State Fund for Development of Small and Medium Enterprises" (financed by the central budget) for the Protection of the State of legal income of small businesses and their investors against the encroachments of all persons and organizations on tax preferences for companies that provide significant employment places the unemployed and the disabled. [3]

In 2012, it was noted the rapid development of small business and increase its profitability, there were more than 4.3 million. Small and medium-sized enterprises and 27.9 million. Individual enterprises, which employ over 75% of the employed urban population. This represented 99.6% of the total number of enterprises in the country, which accounted for almost 60% of GDP and 74.7% of the added value of industrial production. Sector of small and medium-sized enterprises owned by 65% of all patents, 75%), technical innovations and more than 80%) of new products in China. It accounts for 46.2% of tax revenues across the country and 62.3% of total exports of China. In the category of small enterprises employing up to 100 people is almost 99% of enterprises and only 0.6% are medium-sized enterprises with a workforce of 101 to 999 people [4].

The main conductor of the government's economic policy in the country is the "National Commission for Development and Reform" (the National Development and Reform Commission - NDRC), one of the most important areas of its activities is to create conditions for dynamic development of SMB. To do this, set up as part of NDRC "Department of Small and Medium Enterprises" and established "China Center for coordination and cooperation of business" (The China Center for Business Cooperation & Coordination - CCBCC).

As in other countries, China has established and perfected state funds to actively promote the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Their main role and challenge - is to provide warranty and collateral for small businesses to be able to obtain bank loans to businesses.

Chinese national development programs provide a pretty impressive economic growth and increase the efficiency of the national economy is due to the complex development, including small and medium-sized businesses .. One such program is the 2003 program of socio-economic development of the country until 2020, providing 2050 full modernization of all sectors of the economy. It should be noted that small businesses are taxed at the statutory rate of 20%.

Thus, international experience shows that there SME well-developed system of both direct and indirect support of small businesses.

REFERENCES:

1. Ospanova M.M. Small business in Kazakhstan // Al Pari. - 2013. -№ 2-3. - P.41 - 44.

2. The program "Business Road Map 2020". Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From April 13, 2010, №301. Electronic resource. - http://akimat-talgar.gov.kz/

3. Financing of Small and Medium Business "Business Road Map 2020". Electronic resource. - http://www.mediasystem.kz/news

4. The program is due to the placement of funds in the second-tier banks for on-lending. Official site of JSC "Entrepreneurship Development Fund" Damu ". Electronic resource. - http://fund-damu.kz