Kaliyeva A.E.
PhD student of 3rd year, Al-Farabi Kazakh National
University
Food security in system of national security
Food security
refers to the continuing provision of the state total population basic needs
foodstuffs, guaranteeing economic and physical access to quality food, the
desire for food self-sufficiency. By definition, the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) Food security includes physical and economic access to
sufficient volume to sustain life and quality of food for the entire population
[1].
The problem of
food security of the population has been the subject of active consideration by
the international community in connection with the socio-economic processes
taking place in developing countries since the mid 70-ies of XX century. There
was a global controversy when absolute overproduction of food in developed
countries was accompanied by a massive hunger and malnutrition of the
population in a number of Third World countries. In this situation, the problem
of food security of the population has been subject to intense scrutiny by the
international community and in December 1974 the UN General Assembly to endorse
the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 'international obligations to
ensure food security in the world "[2].
In 1996, at the
World Summit on Food was adopted by the Rome Declaration on World Food
Security. In this declaration food security is defined as - "the state of
the economy in which the population of the country as a whole and each citizen
is guaranteed access to food, drinking water and other food products in
quality, variety and volume of necessary and sufficient for the physical and social
development personality, health and expanded reproduction of the population
"[3].
Food security is
not confined to economic security and is strongly correlated with other aspects
of national security (military, environmental, political, and others.). Food
security in the country can be considered guaranteed if established reliable
and adequate supply of basic food products (bread, cereals, oil, meat, milk).
Food security is provided when there is no hunger or the very possibility of
long-term malnutrition in many people.
There are
different approaches to the definition of food security: some scholars as the
basic criterion of food security shall take the level of food consumption,
without taking into account the expense of their own or borrowed sources it is
formed. The second approach focuses on addressing the country's dependence on
food imports. Third - on food self-sufficiency, protect domestic producers by
the conditions required for the production of a wide range of competitive
products [4].
Food security is
a prerequisite for sustainable economic and social development of the country
as a whole and its individual regions. Therefore, the problem of food security
is one of the main tasks undertaken by the Government of the Republic of
Kazakhstan and regional authorities at the moment. In Kazakhstan, food
security, according to the Message of President N. Nazarbayev to the people of
Kazakhstan in 2008 is the main priority of public policy [5]. Strategy of
Industrial and Innovation Development of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015 defines the
production of competitive and exports of goods subject to state the main
industrial and innovation policies that would ensure food security of the
country. [6]
Food issues are complex economic phenomenons which are
economic, social and political aspects. Describing the nature of the food
problem in a particular country, it is important to clearly indicate what kind
of concrete manifestation of her question, what is meant in this case a food
problem: the elimination of hunger, malnutrition, improving the quality of
supply, restoring the balance between supply and demand etc. etc. Food policies
- a set of measures considered systematically and effectively solve the problem
of not only the production, foreign trade, storage and processing, and
equitable distribution of food, as well as social development of rural areas.
The mechanism of food security - is structurally interconnected set of
organizational, economic and legal measures undertaken by specially authorized
authorities and aimed at regulating economic relations in the process of
ensuring food security. [7].
Ensuring food
security is not only to produce enough high-quality food, but also in the
maintenance of adequate and uninterrupted supply of agricultural products to world
markets. Otherwise, food security achieved in the presence of appropriate
systems and mechanisms to ensure sufficient production and supply of food and
adequately respond to risks that could cause interruptions in my area. An
important factor in addressing food security is the close cooperation of all
countries. For each country, the preservation of domestic agricultural
production alleviates anxiety in the population with respect to food shortages
in the event of unforeseen events. Domestic production is the mechanism of
insurance against risks such as import restrictions, poor harvests in exporting
countries, etc. Thus, the country's food security is provided by a set of
economic and social conditions, as related to the development of agriculture and
the whole food complex, and the general state of the national and world
economy.
References:
1. The State of Food
Insecurity in the World 2001 (The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001).
Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2002;
2. "The Universal
Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition." Access: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/hunger.shtml;
3. The Rome
Declaration on World Food Security, November 13, 1996;
4. Kaygorodtsev AA
Food safety system in Kazakhstan. Monograph // Ust-Kamenogorsk. - 2014. - p.
42-50;
5. Address of the
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of
Kazakhstan. February 6, 2008 Access: http://www.akorda.kz/ru/page/page_poslanie-prezidenta-respubliki-kazakhstan-n-nazarbaeva-narodu-kazakhstana-6-fevralya-2008-g_1343986980;
6. Strategy of
Industrial and Innovation Development of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015. Access: http://ru.government.kz/docs/u031096_20030517.html;
7. Amanbaeva D.Zh.,
"Food Security: Problems and Solutions" // Scientific Journal / kgoe
name Sh.Esenova. - 2009. - № 3 (21). - C. 129-135.