Economics

Varenyk Victor

PhD (Economiсs)

Lviv Academy of Commerce, Ukraine

СHARACTERISTIC OF THREATS TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE BANKING ACTIVITY

Recent changes in the economy of Ukraine are characterized by a number of interrelated factors, among which there are both positive and negative, resulting in increased risks and threats. The latter include the instability of the political and economic situation in the country, imperfect legislation, which is not conducive to the protection of the interests of the banks in the course of their activity, minor internal features of formation of financial resources of banks, the low level of public confidence in the banks, the growing crime rate in the society, including banking, unfair and unprofessional behavior of the employees of the banks. All this shows that banks operate under the influence of constantly present risks different directions, creating them very dangerous situation. Under such circumstances, banks should pay particular attention to ensuring its security, focusing primarily on their own resources.

Sources of negative impacts on the economic security of the bank can be:

1. conscious or unconscious actions of individual officials and entities (public authorities, international organizations, competitors);

2. convergence objective circumstances (state of the financial market, scientific discoveries and technological developments, force majeure, etc.)

Objectively considered negative impacts arising independently of a specific bank or individuals.

Subjective effects may be due to poor performance of the bank as a whole or its individual employees (especially managers and functional managers). The main objective is to identify the security forces, counter and neutralize threats such economic activities.

Threats to economic security - a destabilizing effect of natural or human factors relating to unfair competition and violation of laws and regulations may result in potential or actual losses for the bank [1].

Depending on which of the fields of activity of the bank risks arise, they are divided into economic, physical, psychological and informational. Economic threats can be realized in the form of banks to use inefficient technology banking production, corruption, fraud, unfair competition. The implementation of such threats is detrimental to banks or leads to the loss of their benefits.

The main causes of economic threats can be: lack of adaptation of the banking system to constantly changing market conditions, General insolvency of entities, increasing crime, the consumer mentality of a significant number of citizens, the low level of labor discipline and responsibility of the employees of banking institutions, insufficient legal regulation of banking activity, low professional level of the part of managers and employees of the bank.

Physical threats are realized in the form of theft, looting of property and funds of the bank, breakage and decommissioning of equipment banks, inefficient operation. As a result of implementation of such threats are put straight losses to banks associated with the loss of their property and the need to incur additional costs for restoration of means of production and other material resources. The main causes of physical threats is ineffective personnel policy of the bank, low training of bank professionals, insufficient level of protection within the banks, the low status control the work of employees in banks [4].

Intellectual threats appear as the disclosure or misuse of banking information, discrediting the bank in the market of banking services and can be implemented in the form of various kinds of social conflicts around the banking institutions themselves. The result of such threats may be the losses of banks, the deterioration of their image, social and psychological tensions around the banking institutions or in their groups. The causes of those threats, as a rule, is the increased competition in the regional markets of banking services, ineffective personnel policy banks, the violation of the principle of transparency of banking activities, the absence or low efficiency mode information in banks.

The occurrence of security measures is provided through the activities of the security forces and the use of a variety of means. Depending on the way of organizing the security of its forces are the security division of banks, specialized companies, organizations, banks which provide security services, the staff of the banks [3].

Thus, there is no single method of forming the financial security of the bank. Therefore, to obtain full information about the level of financial security necessary to use the bank's aggregate methods, since none of them alone does not provide complete information for decision making and planning action. The analysis on specific aspects of the development of financial security bank allows us to formulate the following principles should be the basis for the evaluation and management of financial security banks in Ukraine.

References

1. Vovchak O.D., Samura Y. O., Sydorenko V.A., Varenyk V. A. (2013) Banking security: Study Guide, Kyiv : Znannya (in Ukr).

2. Baranovskyj O. I. (2006) Banking security: measurement problem. Ekonomika ta prognozuvannja (Economics and Forecasting), 1, 7-26 (in Ukr).

3. Plastun O. L. ( 2012) Qualitative methods of diagnosis in the system of financial security entities. Visnyk Ukrainskoi academii bankivskoi spravy (Bulletin of Banking academy of Ukraine), 1 (22), 40-44 (in Ukr).

4. . Poberezhnyj S. M., Plastun O. L., Bolgar T. M. (2010) Financial Security of Banking: study guide for self-study course "Security of banks", Sumy, SHEI "UABS NBU" (in Ukr).