Ph.D. in Geography, associate professor L. Shentseva
Voronezh Institute of Cooperatives (branch)
Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics, Russia
S. Bragina
Voronezh Institute of Cooperatives (branch)
Belgorod University of
Cooperation, Economics and Law, Russia
A. Kalyuzhin
Voronezh Institute of Cooperatives (branch)
Belgorod University of
Cooperation, Economics and Law, Russia
The main problems and prospects of development of territorial and economic complex of the Voronezh region
The most
important part of territorial-economic complex of the Voronezh region is
industry. In its structure combines: power, mechanical engineering, chemical
and petrochemical industries, construction materials and food industries.
Industry specialization of the region is the food industry (27%), second place
is occupied by engineering and metalworking (23%), third place - electricity
(18%). The region accounts for more than 20% of total Russian production of
synthetic rubber, about 9% of electricity generated by nuclear power plants,
8.4% of tires, 18.6% Low-power, 3.8% of mineral fertilizers, 13% of the
production of building materials, 11, 6% vegetable oil, 9.1% sugar [1]. An
important characteristic of the industry of the Voronezh region - the presence
of companies in the aerospace, electronic, aeronautical engineering, i.e.
production, competitive at the national and international markets products for
civilian and military purposes. A unique component of the industrial complex
area of Novovoronezh NPP-largest inter-regional center for the
production of electricity.
The food
industry is represented by enterprises of the Voronezh area in ten different
industries. Meat, sugar, flour, cereal, milk and butter, cheese, fat creamery,
liquor industries have national significance [2]. In the region there are
dozens of large and hundreds of small businesses. Built many mini-mills and
processing workshop of meat, milk, grain, production of bread, pasta, sausages,
beer, confectionery products (cookies, cakes, crackers, candies). Their owners
are agricultural enterprises, joint stock companies and private individuals.
Chemical
industry - one of the most important sectors of the economy of Voronezh and
Voronezh region. "Voronezhsintezkauchuk" produces about 40 kinds of
products, with 50% of the total exported. Voronezh chemical-pharmaceutical
plant is part of the leading Russian pharmaceutical company OJSC
"VEROPHARM .. In the south of the Voronezh region in Rossosh located the
biggest TSCHR enterprise for production of mineral fertilizers.
However, if
before the region industry produced high-tech engineering and the defense products, now a significant
part of the volume is lost. In Voronezh and its region, there is a trend of
declining in the share of manufacturing in the gross regional product. The
current situation in the Voronezh region industrial structure is currently
focused primarily on local markets, that restricts its development. Positive trends
are evident, but they are not sustainable. The problem is that there is not a
single state policy in the field of innovation.
At the
present time are the following ways of solving problems. The updated legal
framework to establish an effective mechanism for the development of all
industry [3]. Stable relations of core enterprises with universities and
research institutes of the city provide an opportunity for the development of
industrial and technology parks, which tend to attract as residents of high-tech
industries and is one of the elements of the innovation infrastructure for
socio-economic development of the region. In the region are located industrial
parks: "Maslowski", "Bobrowski", "Perspective"
and «RusLandGroup». The most successful of the four parks are developed until
the two - "Maslowski," where large enterprises are located, and the
"Perspective" - with logistics and manufacturing enterprises of small
and medium business. The Strategy of socio-economic development of the Voronezh
region for the period up to 2020 indicates that the development of industrial
parks is one of the factors of economic growth and priority in the formation of
a new image of the region.
At the end of
2012 the Voronezh region became part of the Euroregion "Donbass". Commonwealth
of border regions of Russia and Ukraine was aimed at strengthening trade ties
and improving the efficiency of economic cooperation between the regions.
However, political events in Ukraine stopped the development of economic
processes in this new trans-border region.
Agribusiness
of Voronezh region is one of the largest regional industrial complexes in
Russia. In terms of production of many crops Voronezh region occupies a leading
position in the CCA and CFA. The share of the Voronezh region in the production
of grain on the CFA is 17.8%, in the production of sugar beet - 25.6%, in the
production of sunflower - 38.2 [4]. In the diversified structure of
agro-industrial complex area there are about 600 agricultural enterprises, more
than 4.0 thousands of peasant farms and 400 thousands of private citizens'
farms and more than 200 enterprises of food and processing industry. The main
branch of specialization is crop.
The
main problem of agribusiness development of the Voronezh region is the problem of
livestock development and utilization of private farms' resourses. For
effective development of agriculture in the region there was worked out a
special target program "The development of agriculture in the Voronezh
region for the period up to 2020". Current trends in the development of
animal husbandry are: the creation of large livestock complexes and clusters,
the introduction of modern technology, new equipment and advanced technologies.
Currently more than 70 investment projects are being implemented in the
livestock sector, that should significantly improve the situation in the first
place, to ensure the meat of large processing plants.
Prominent
role in territorial and economic complex field plays trade. Its contribution to
the establishment of the gross regional product is about 20%. The trading
service of the population involved large and medium-sized enterprises in
wholesale and retail trade, small businesses, sole proprietors. On the
territory of the region there are domestic and foreign retail chains, market
and fair trade. Large and medium centers of trade areas are large and medium
cities: Voronezh, Rossosh, Borisoglebsk, Boguchar and others. In 2013, retail
turnover in the region amounted to be about 340 billion rubles [5].
More
than half of the area of business entities (20,000) are trade objects. The
provision of the population area of retail facilities in the Voronezh region is
575 square meters per thousand inhabitants and, in fact, that is higher than
the existing regulations. The retail chains in the region in average form about
22% of the retail sales, and this figure continues to grow. The region has 17
major trading network structures which are responsible for more than 230
stores. In general, the local trade sector operates 226 000 people or 22% of
total employment.
Thus,
in the territorial and economic complex of the Voronezh region the strongest
position is after trade, but in industry and in agricultural sector there also
are significant positive changes.
References:
1.http://www.secuteck.ru/articles2/Regandstan/voronezhskaya-oblast-ekonomika--proizvodstvo
2. http://sibac.info/index.php/2009-07-01-10-21-16
3. Klepikov, VM Shentseva,
LN Regional economic law as a factor of socio-economic development //
Socio-economic problems of innovative development in the research of teachers,
researchers and specialists: Proceedings of the IV International scientific and
practical conference of teachers, researchers and specialists on 25-27 April
2013 Voronezh: "Scientific book ", 2013. - S. 176-181.
4.
Statistical Yearbook. 2013: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M., 2013. - S. 419-422
5. Voronezh
Statistical Yearbook. 2013: Stat. Sat. / Voronezhstat. - Voronezh, 2014. 340 p.