DETERMINATION OF SOME MICROCELLS IN BIO-SUBSTRATES IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION

T.K. Kulmakhanbetova, G. A. Tussupbekova

al-Farabi Kazakh National University,

Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

Now the important role of microcells as catalysts of many biological reactions is established and pathogenic influence of heavy metals on an organism is revealed. Heavy metals are priority pollutants of environment of the industrial cities by a toxicological assessment, impact on health of the population, considerably advancing such everywhere widespread pollutants as carbon oxides, nitrogen, sulfur and oil products. Compounds of heavy metals possess high biochemical activity and tend to bioconcentration. High concentration of heavy metals, change of microelement structure of environment can lead to emergence of so-called technogenic biogeochemical provinces and as a result, to violation protective and adaptive reaction of an organism, emergence of new pathological states, so-called mikroelementosis.

The exact quantitative indices of the background content of elements in biological environments considering also features of microelement structure of environment of dwelling for the studied region are necessary for an assessment of level of the contents and an adverse effect of heavy metals on an organism. Methodical approaches are developed for establishment of background regional levels on contents of heavy metals in objects of environment in Kazakhstan, Russia, the near and far abroad [1, 2]. The divergence of domestic and foreign quantitative criteria of achievement of sanitary and hygienic safety at impact of compounds of heavy metals on the children's population takes place.

As one of diagnostic criteria of the raised content of lead began to use hair [3] recently. It is shown that lead in hair appears in 35 days from the beginning of influence, coming to them from blood. In all studied samples of hair taken from back of the children head the lead is found. At the same time its contents at the children living in ecologically unsuccessful area average size makes 4,94±0,69 ppm. In control of 3,18±0,76 ppm. The American researchers recommend the level of 3 ppm as admissible size. So, for example, in table 1, the data on the content of metals in the hair which are available in literature are provided, at children living in rather pure and in areas with various extent of technogenic influence of environment.

Table 1 - Content of metals in the hair (ppm)

The children living in rather pure area	Sample q-ty	Pb	Zn	Cu	Cd
Kiev	57	2,6±0,47	-	-	n.a.
Non-Black Earth Region	136	3,58±0,34	132,8±22,0	11,0±0,35	0,19±0,07
Transcaucasia	17	4,0±0,54	121,4±6,1	10,1±0,46	0,15±0,03
Crimea	27	4,8±1,70	147,0±86,0	14,1±0,32	0,30±0,07
Karaganda	60	5,2±0,28	91,7±4,17	12,6±0,7	-
The sizes recommended by WHO		8 - 9,17	134-169	16,3 – 24,6	-
The children living near an industrial zone
Kiev	57	4,3±0,49	-	-	n.a.
Non-Black Earth Region	45	31,1±4,7	-	14,7±2,2	0,75±0,11
Crimea	37	18,2±3,6	-	23,3±2,2	0,56±0,09
Karaganda	60	13,8±1,1	136,0±3,4	20,4±2,2	-
St. Petersburg.	742	13,59±0,9	-	-	-

As seen from the table concentration of lead and copper varies in a narrow interval from 2,6 to 5,2 ppm, and from 10,1 to 14,1 ppm respectively. Zinc has the following limit of variability - 91,7 to 147 ppm.

It is known that the imbalance of micro and macrocells in environment promotes development of diseases, syndromes, characteristic both for natural, and for artificial biogeochemical provinces [4]. Decrease in influence of heavy metals on health of the population, first of all children, is one of problems of the developed countries of the world community. Especially close attention is paid to establishment of relationships of cause and effect of health of children and habitats, preparation and the organization of social and hygienic monitoring which component has to be a monitoring of heavy metals in the bioenvironments (hair, blood, etc.) found the certain place in the cause and effect chain revealed by a number of domestic and foreign authors.

According to results of works of the group of experts (WHO), the most informative biosubstrate at influence of lead is blood. In numerous researches communication of poisoning with lead in small doses with violations at children of perception, coordination of the movement, hearing, a dream, delay of physical development is confirmed. In this connection this element was analyzed on the quantitative content in whole blood at children of younger school age, as most sensitive contingent to influences of metals. As physiological concentration results of inspection of the children living in rather ecologically safe area were accepted.

The Russian researchers consider that the average content of lead in blood of children for the cities with low content of lead in environment is close to 10 mkg/dl. In the city with the high content of lead in environment this level can be exceeded almost in two and makes 18,9 mkg/dl.

Thus, on the example of lead fact of accumulation of metals in the bioenvironments (hair and blood of children) in ecologically unsuccessful areas is established.

Literature:

1. Vinokur I.L., Gildenskiold R.S., Guskov G.V., etc. Anthropotechnogenic load of the urbanized territories and health of the population. / Hygiene and sanitation. – 1997. - № 6. – pp. 49-52.

2. Namazbayeva Z.I., Kulkybayev G.A., Dzhangozina D.M., etc. Informational value of a bioaccumulation of metals in hair at children preschool age./Hygiene and sanitation.-1999.-№1. – pp. 34-36.

3. Bogdanov H.U., Harchenko I.G., Bondarenko M. L., etc. Biomonitoring as a component socially-hygienic monitoring. Experience of the organization of biotesting. / ЗниСО.-2003.-№9, 126. – pp. 14-19.

4. Stepanova N.V. The immune status of children in the conditions of pollution of the large city with heavy metalls./Hygiene and sanitation.-2003.-№5. pp.42-44.