Педагогические
науки/4.Стратегические направления реформирования системы образования
Aubakirova G.T., candidate of philological sciences, professor Chief of
the department of foreign and Russian languages
Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Kazakhstan
TENDENCIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION
Education is one
of the priorities of the strategic program "Kazakhstan-2030",
characterized by the following major tendencies: the emergence of a national
model of education; modernization of Kazakhstan education; integration of the
education system of Kazakhstan in the world educational space [1].
The
implementation of the state policy in the field of education is provided by the
laws and regulations.
For example, in
the Concept of Education of Kazakhstan Republic until 2015 was defined goal: to
identify strategic priorities in the development of education for the formation
of a national model of multi-level continuing education integrated into the
global educational environment and meets the needs of the individual and
society [2].
The law of the
Republic of Kazakhstan "On Education" [3] as the priorities of the
education system (Stat. 11) is defined:
- Create the
necessary conditions for quality education aimed at the formation, development
and professional growth based on national and universal values, science and
practice;
- The development
of creative, spiritual and physical abilities of the individual, the formation
of a solid foundation of morals and a healthy lifestyle, the enrichment of
intelligence by creating conditions for the development of individuality;
- Implementation
and effective use of new learning technologies, including credit, distance,
information and communication, facilitating rapid adaptation of vocational
education to the changing needs of society and the labor market;
- Development of
systems for lifelong learning, providing linkages between learning, on the job
training and labor market needs and helping all people maximize their personal
potential in a society based on knowledge;
- Integration of
education, science and industry;
- Providing
vocational counseling of students;
- Provision of
advanced development of technical and vocational education through active interaction
with employers and other social partners and others.
The principles of
the state policy in the field of education aimed at [3]:
- Prioritize the
development of the education system;
- Access to
education at all levels for the population in view of intellectual development,
psychophysiological and individual characteristics of each person;
- Promotion of
education and personality development of giftedness;
- The continuity
of the educational process, ensuring the continuity of its levels;
- A variety of
educational institutions by type of ownership forms of training and education,
areas of education.
The State Program
on the Development of Education in Kazakhstan Republic for 2011-2020 the main
goal of modern higher education is "improving the competitiveness of
education, human capital development by providing access to quality education
for sustainable economic growth." An important problem of the education
system of the republic continues to be the fact that "the majority of
employers are not satisfied with the quality of training of graduates
universities" [4].
One of their
mechanisms for solving problems of education identified in the documents of the
state and society, in our opinion, is the modernization of education under
which to understand the improvement, upgrading education, bringing it into line
with the new requirements and standards, material specifications, quality
indicators.
One of the
mechanisms of modernization of education, which allows talking about the
qualitative change it becomes a realization of the process polylinguism as a
progressive factor in the development of Kazakh society.
Multilanguage
situation in the world, at the bottom of which lies Multilinguism peoples and
cultural diversity, with a certain social importance and a specially organized
pedagogical context, it is an important mechanism for the humanization of
social life, human culture and educational systems in the context of
globalization. Because different social systems have to work together to
address common global problems, there is a need to develop a consistent view on
the rights, dignity and freedom of man.
The most
important strategic task of education is, on the one hand, the preservation of
the best Kazakh educational traditions, on the other hand, the provision of
school leavers’ international qualifications of the development of their
linguistic consciousness, which is based - to master the state, native and
foreign languages.
In this regard,
the new sound is the problem of language education. The starting point is the
idea that the study of any language must be accompanied by the study of culture
media that language. Moreover, this process should syncretically not in
separate planes. In this regard, it would be correct to speak about
polilingvocultural education, which should result in multilingualism citizens
of society. Terms of multilingualism should be the native language, which
reinforces the awareness of belonging to their ethnic group, the Kazakh
language as a state, possession of which contributes to the successful civic
integration, the Russian language as a source of scientific and technical
information, and other non-native foreign language, to develop the human
capacity for self-identification in the world community.
Mechanisms need
to modernize education and include the internationalization of education, which
is logically linked with the formation of multilingual culture. Internalization
of education is the process of incorporating various international aspects in
research, teaching and administrative activities of educational institutions of
different levels. As the experience in this field the implementation of this
process contributes to the formation of students in the skills of
self-training, responsibility, multiculturalism, tolerance and other important
qualities of a modern person.
The
internationalization of the system includes a set of such elements, which allow
the process to be dynamic and efficient. These elements include: the demand for
knowledge of foreign languages and state. Student mobility is
limping from a lack of young people who speak foreign languages
on the necessary and sufficient level of training for
international programs. Consequently, there is a need to focus on the quality
of language learning in high school, because the availability of its study
beyond high school for young relative, the courses are of considerable
investment, and we are talking about the availability of educational services.
In our view, there is a need to introduce tiered learning foreign languages.
State language,
Kazakh language provides training under the program "Bolashak", not
only representatives of the titular nationality, but also Russian-speaking part
of the students. It would be nice to think of inclusion in the curriculum of
special disciplines in the Kazakh language learning for students’ Russian branch
as special and ideological plan. While within the institution they study only
Kazakh language and office in the state language. Thing of the past must go
further.
We know little
about the culture of the peoples inhabiting our planet. Why working curricula
lack of discipline with a global formative artistic, aesthetic culture, which
can also be attributed to the process of internationalization. Modern
specialist is a person of the world, know the language, and know the culture of
the peoples of the world. Students spend a lot of time at the university, so
the only education able to configure all the above qualities. Today's youth
culture badly own speech, because learning is based on the presentation and
retelling truism rather than interpreting contexts of literary and artistic
works.
Internationalization
promotes individual ability to live in a society with a different culture may
take it, give it to her, to appreciate their own traditions, to endure all that
is best in a different culture in the life of their society. Perhaps the
emergence of the consumer society for the most part due to a lack of
communication between people of different cultures, and it is a kind of process
of degeneration of culture. Conclusion internationalization helps to revive and
develop the culture of society.
The next part of
the process of internationalization should be considered the involvement of the
teaching staff: this faculty exchange, joint research programs, internships in
foreign universities, joint training programs, the organization of intensive
courses and summer schools. Thanks to this process is an active process of
reflection in faculty housing. It is a daily competition for the best
objectively, on demand in reality. All this contributes to a critical attitude
towards themselves PTS. Each of us asks the question "what can I do to
surprise the world and if I can surprise him?". PTS has become an important and a necessary criterion for demand
knowledge of a foreign language, the presence of copyright courses, which
contributes to its mobility, and of course generate additional earnings.
Possible by a decision may be learning a foreign language courses for the older
generation, with a bias in subject specialization. The next step would be the
knowledge of a foreign language and Kazakh language as a criterion for
admission to employment.
Are indicators of
the internationalization and publications in international journals with impact
factor. If teachers have traditionally engaged in scientific activities worked
on quantitative indicators, they are now faced a need to adjust to the quality.
Publishing requires the establishment of international relations, to find their
own niche research, integration in addressing common challenges for humanity.
This type of activity requires constant research activities, knowledge of the
latest developments in their subject area, knowledge of international names,
their achievements, not to repeat the opening of the bike.
The integration
of education and production at the moment is achieved by the establishment of
branches of departments of higher education institutions in the institutions,
organizations and enterprises that are the bases of practices.
What we would
like to offer in this area. Leaders bases practices or Methodists from the
company should become members of the university community (for a fee, salary).
Said membership will allow management to determine the proportion of university
institutions responsibility for the content and quality of training of future
specialists and offer the right of control to the content and structure of the
educational process.
In the case
described, students not only come to the base of practical skills, but also
listen to lectures, held training seminars, training, participate in joint
projects, responsible for a certain area of work, position
themselves as members of the workforce.
In this process,
providing an understanding of self-worth learning, dynamic process of
self-education, more clearly outlines of vocational subject environment, opportunities
and career prospects, recognized the correctness of the chosen specialization.
Clearly mark the boundaries of knowledge and ignorance.
Finally, as also
stated in the Programme for Educational Development - is improving the quality
of the teaching staff. In our opinion, it is necessary to create conditions for
widespread psycho-pedagogical training for all teachers, implementing different
subjects. At the moment, there was a paradoxical situation. Often, as educators
working people who have no special teacher training lawyers, economists,
engineers, etc. As a consequence of the process of education and training are
of an independent nature, and not the nature of the interaction, the process of
submission of training education. Education should be seen as an interaction
between subject and object of study, in which most of the learning is
self-learning process at the control and correctional influence on the part of
the teacher. In practice, learning from the teacher is dominant, which is not
conducive to the formation of self-reliance among students. Education - an
independent teaching of the pupil and the processing of his knowledge the
teacher. Such a situation is determined by the lack of training in our opinion,
the lack of pedagogical component in modern teachers who do not know the basics
of psychological and pedagogical knowledge.
As a consequence
- social conflicts arising between teachers and pupils when teachers are not
positioned as teachers. The main goal of this teacher education based on positive
sample, belief, encouragement and a certain dose of punishment. Not enough to
be a good specialist of subject in an educational institution must be a teacher
with a capital letter.
Education should
be seen as a component of education, and only in this case is as personal
development. Own internalized social and cultural experience of society is
transformed into firmly acquired knowledge, beliefs, competence.
For efficient
organization of the learning process, teachers need to be aware of the university
characteristics of today's students ("Generation Next»). The vast majority
of students are indifferent to the postmodern studies, undisciplined, spend a
little time going through the tutorial experience boredom from teaching, inert,
often late to school, discourtesy, is not familiar with the rules of social
behavior, focused on entertainment, they want to get good grades with little
effort, in unrestrained desires and unscrupulous meet them, cynical, very bad
manners, emotionally trapped, infantile, they are difficult to stir and
inspire.
Consequently,
given the special needs Next Generation and specific features of the era, it is
necessary to review the methods and content of higher education, to change the
very atmosphere of study, in order to increase the effectiveness of learning as
much as possible to promote the success of pupils, for example, from the outset
to establish clear requirements and constantly remind them; be consistent; mark
all the learning objectives; develop meaningful goals and activities for the
development of personal and social qualities of students; emphasize the role of
the scientific method in the learning process, but at the same time recognize
the potential limitations of science; go to the educational paradigm focused on
knowledge; use active and creative teaching methods; raise the level of
teaching; explain the need to study the subject of its practical applicability;
do not expect blind obedience to the authority of the teacher; expand the range
of extracurricular tasks: to go beyond the traditional written work, to use
other forms of control; provide students with more opportunities for
communication; respect other people's point of view; show goodwill; believe in
their students.
References
1. State program "Kazakhstan-2030".
Prosperity, security and the welfare of all Kazakhs. Message from the President
to the people of Kazakhstan // Kazakhstanskaya Pravda. - 1997. - October 11.
2. Concept of Development of Education of the Republic
of Kazakhstan till 2015 // www.unesco.kz/rcie/data/koncepciya.htm.
3. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On
Education" from July 27, 2007 №319 // www.zakon.kz ...
zakon-respubliki-kazakhstan ... 27.html.
4. The State Programme for the Education Development
in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020 approved by the Decree of the
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 7, 2010 № 1118
http://www.edu.gov.kz/ru/