Педагогические науки/ 6. Социальная педагогика

д. ф. н., проф. Пономарев П.А., магистрант Славянская А.И., аспирант Пономарев В.П.

ИСОиП (ф) ДГТУ, ЮФУ

The role of formation of the multicultural competence in the development of international tourism

Tourism is one of the main directions of the development of any modern society. It is based on the fact that a tourism industry is not just a part of economics but also a perfect way of multicultural communications. That has been proved in the works of such western anthropologists as D. Kembell, K. Levi-Stross and M. Mid. And also travelling as the major way of multicultural communication is shown in the works of some Russian scientists, for example I. Sandomirsky, L.P. Voronkova and M. Belkin.

Multicultural communication is a type of communication which is taking place between different cultures. So communicative competence is understood as the system of knowledge used in communication[1]. Its main feature is the communication exchange between the participants.

The majority of the tourism researches pays attention to the behavior norms and standards for the receiving party. But it is much more important to speak about the impressions made by tourists. The reason is that tourist being the subject of multicultural communication is its object at the same time. Visiting another country with the informative or any other purpose everyone should remember that he or she doesn’t only receive knowledge about the other country bur also leaves impression about his own one.

So the topic is actual by means of the fact that the formation of multicultural competences among the outcoming tourists is really necessary.

The main aim of the research is to find out the role of tourism in the organization of multicultural communication and in the formation of the Russian national image abroad.

Everybody has heard the famous proverb “That is good for a Russian that is a death for a German”. And tourists from the Russian Federation demonstrate it all over the world forgetting about another proverb “When in Rome do as the Romans do”. These wise words are really actual nowadays. All the collisions between the norms of native and another culture can be finished with a negative experience for the tourists. Sometimes it can be a real tragedy and also can lead to some culture conflicts.

According to the results of the analyses of the responses about the Russian tourists published both in Russian and foreign mass-media we can draw only a negative portrait of the Russian tourist. The largest part of all the negative responses is presented in such categories as the “behavior in public places”, “the proneness to the conflict”, “internal culture” and “the relations with the representatives of the other culture”. There are such statements about Russians having a rest as “these people are big fans of a freebie”, “they do not know the meaning of the word politeness”[7]. The Russians are often seen as “rude nouveau riches who steal mats from the hotel rooms, burn down fires near the pools and teach children to steal boiled eggs from a buffet at the hotel restaurant”[7].

To prevent the appearance of such stereotypes the tourist should always remember that during his trip he is the representative of his own culture. A number of PR-actions are used for the formation of the positive image of the country but it is much easier to do it just by the right cultural behavior. What will be image of Russia abroad: positive or negative, depends on each tourist leaving our country.

One of the attempts to avoid the so-called culture conflict is supplying of tourist with the instructions containing the basic information on the country which a tourist is going to visit[3]. However it is necessary to recognize that it is not enough to solve the problem.

The upgrading of your own cultural competence is a main condition for being called a modern tourist. It is shown in the works by A.Kosov the expert in the field of the international business and multicultural communications. He notices that the bases of multicultural competence “can be used by the travelers in any country of the world as they are based on the tolerant relation to the other culture that prevents a behavior conflict, makes the interpersonal dialog more effective and finally helps to form a positive image of Russia and the Russians”[4].

The concept of multicultural competence refers to the ability of the individual to the effective functions, adaptation and integration into another culture. Multicultural competence consists of four domains: affective, cognitive, behavioral and environmental [5].

The affective domain refers to emotions and feelings; it is also called the emotional domain. The main idea of that domain is that the one who wants to be multiculturally competent must also be motivated to use the knowledge available.

The cognitive domain is closely connected with all the knowledge about another culture: its geography, economics, history, religion etc. So forming that domain it is necessary to pay attention to the learning of foreign languages.

The behavioral domain is based on the skills and abilities needed in order to use cultural knowledge. This domain helps an individual to engage into new cultural environment. The skills which are contained into the behavioral domain are: communication skills, social skills, comparative skills and affective skills. Abilities include the ability to adjust to the new cultural, social or political environment, understand the others and establish relationship.

Multicultural competence does not mean only having cultural knowledge, positive attitudes and feelings about other cultures and specific skills and abilities. The multicultural competent individual must also be able to integrate into a multicultural environment. Environmental domain allows tourists to integrate into a new cultural environment. This domain includes social interactions, relationships with nature.

Thus considering the modern process of globalization and negative image of Russian tourist abroad it is possible to conclude that the formation of the intercultural competence by tourists in all its aspects is a key problem of the Russian community and tourists themselves.

Литература.

1. А.С. Гализдра Личность и туристское пространство в контексте глобализации [текст]// Гализдра А.С. Человек в глобальном мире. Сборник статей молодых ученых. Саратов: Изд-во Сарат. ун-та, 2004.С.83-87.

2. Н.Д. Гальскова Межкультурное обучение [текст]//Гальскова Н.Д. Иностранные языки в школе. – 2004. - №1.

3. К. Касьянова О русском национальном характере [текст]. / Касьянова К. М.: Институт национальной модели экономики, 1994

4. А. Косов Фонарик для чужой души [текст] / Косов А. – М., 2007.

5. О. Мосеев Туризм как часть имиджа России [текст]// Мосеев О. Лаборатория рекламы, маркетинга и public relations. – 2004. № 6.

6. Ю. Чернышев Рейтинг России в мире [электронный ресурс]// http://www.kommentarii.ru/comment/12546/1902.html

7. Официальный сайт федерального агентства по туризму Российской Федерации [электронный ресурс]: www.russiatourism.ru.