B.U.Smanov
Doctor of pedagogical sciences, Professor, Corresponding-member of the National academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

K.K.Suleimenova

Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai

Master of Arts, doctoral candidate

EDUCATIONAL AND EDUCATIVE IMPORTANCE OF LITERARY AND PUBLICICSTI HERITAGE OF B.MAILIN

The role of the outstanding poet, satirist, prose writer and playwright Beimbet Mailin in Kazakh literature of ХХ century.

Beimbet Mailin’s wisdom is his humanism, his attitude towards his native folk, his struggle against injustice, his criticism against social inequality[7]. Beimbet Mailin’s talent is reflected in his prose works, especially his prose works are determined by satire. Due to Beimbet’s satire Kazakh prose has greatly developed. His works are unique by their realistic force to show the reality of life, by the beauty, by the variety themes. Beimbet Mailin was a great writer, who by writing his works of art could describe the life of people and the society of his time. He was a writer, who worked hard in poetry, prose, playwriting and journalism. He also made a big contribution to Kazakh poetry. [1]. Thanks to his big contribution to Kazakh Literature and being one of the founders of Kazakh Literature, the great writer Beimbet Mailin is the most famous person in our culture and history. His works, in which he criticized the society life of his time in XX century sharply, are also actual and important in XXI century. Beimbet Mailin as many of his contemporary fellow writers started his career by writing poems, but then he went on writing prose. He proved his talent already by his first prose works such as "Sign of Shuga". He showed much diligence and much mastery in developing genre of prose in Kazakh Literature. Especially his stories, which show his big talent, are pearls of Kazakh prose. Mailin’s prose is dedicated to the description of life in the village, which he knew very well, especially much he described changes in the Kazakh society after the October revolution, the changes in the behavior and psychology of people.

The name of the talented writer Beimbet Mailin has much significance in the history of Kazakh Literature. Being one of the founders of Kazakh Literature, he increased the significance and the level of Kazakh Literature. There is no doubt that he described all the difficulties of those hard times, that he did his best to do his work well, that he developed his own style in Kazakh prose and journalism, that he made an influence on other representatives in Kazakh Literature. The works of the writer are of great importance in Kazakh Literature and Journalism. His literary-journalistic heritage is rich and diverse. Whatever problem he raises, his aim was to wake up his folk, who was unhappy, depressed and suppressed, to help his folk to get education, to live happily and freely. With these aims he wrote all his works in every genre. Especially, by combining good speech and wisdom, he praised his native folk in songs. The life conditions of ordinary people at the beginning of the XX century and the mode of life, customs and traditions, mind and goals of the Kazakh nation found reflection in Beimbet Mailin’s works.

The target of our research is works of Beimbet Mailin. There are a lot of scientific works in which literary-journalistic heritage of Beimbet Mailin was studied theoretically. While such as scientists K. Zharmaganbetov, A.Zhirenshin, T. Nurtasin, B.Naurusbaev, S.Ordaliev, R.Rustembekova analyzed poetic, prose works, drama works of the writer, scientists Т.Beiskulov, S. Baimenshin researched words of wisdom of the writer and developed a new attitude towards the works of the outstanding writer. And we would like to lay much emphasis on the big heritage the great writer had left and to the evaluation of his nation of his contribution to the development of Kazakh literature. We would like to pay much attention to the educational significance of his works and to form a new attitude to his literary heritage.

Independence period of Kazakhstan allows us to estimate the literary heritage of the previous century deeper and from a new point of view and judge spiritual and aesthetic values in Beimbet Mailin’s works from the contemporary aspect. Such attitude makes us treat Beimbet’s works from different point of view, to reveal his other talents, to give his literary heritage national character, as his works were evaluated only within the scope of socialist realism. One of the goals of our scientific work is to create the scientific-methodical system of teaching the younger generation with his literary heritage. We started writing our scientific work on the eve of his 120 anniversary last year.

To my mind, it is important, to research the meaning and the ideas in Beimbet Mailin’s prose works and poems from educational point of view. The significance of his works lies in the fact that he described in his works the truth of life. Academician Z. Kabdolov said: «Mailin is a realist, his poems, prose works, daramas are simple truth and he never hesitated to write the truth», ─ [5,96], the famous critic scientist, academician S.Kirabaev said: «He was an ordinary person, was good at writing the truth without exaggeration. Beimbet did not conceal the truth, did not accept all the new things that appeared in his time in the society. As a realist writer, he described unpleasant phenomena in the society of that time in his literary works», ─ [2,12]. All these opinions about the writer serve as a basis of his literary heritage.

The fact that B.Mailin left a rich literary heritage which met the requirements of his epoch, that he could describe not only the good sides of his time and the society life, but also the negative, unpleasant, strange things of that time is much emphasized not only by literary critics, but also the representatives of pedagogics. In order to prove the above mentioned arguments, we would like to cite the opinion of T.Beiskulov, who researched works of B.Mailin. «Whatever literary work he wrote, the position and trend he adhered to was mostly socialist realism. Those who supported this trend described only positive sides of the socialist society. B.Mailin used it for his own sake and did not judge it unilaterally. He was guides by principle and did not join the groups of decadence, imagism, symbolism, futurism, naturalism, who did not accept the Soviet Union. He did not also accept romanticism. We can not deny the fact that he hoped that his nation would gain freedom and independence, which his nation dreamt of, only by rebellion. He was convinced of justice. That is why he wrote all his literary works. He criticized fearlessly the negative and unfair sides of his time, the severe rules of the government. B.Mailin was a critic realist, who was not afraid to describe all the negative phenomena in the society at that time» [5,15].

Now let us pay attention to these facts. For example, much attention is paid to Beimbet Mailin’s life and works in the XI form of Kazakh Secondary School. The aim of the teacher at school is to teach pupils life and career of B.Маilin, to emphasize the contribution of this great writer to Kazakh Literature. The teacher can make such a plan of the lesson to make his/her thoughts systematically and to

make the educational information for schoolchildren exact and precise.

The place of birth. Educational background. Social work. Beimbet Mailin’s first steps in writing. The teacher tells about above mentioned information. The classroom is decorated according to the theme of the lesson. The stand “At today’s lesson”, a chronological table with the information about his life and literary works, the map of Kazakhstan, abstracts of articles about Beimbet Mailin’s works written by academicians- writers S. Mukanov and Zh.Moldagaliev, photos of Beimbet Mailin with friends, colleagues as well as photos from the film «B. Маilin» will be hung on the blackboard.

Before starting the lesson the teacher asks questions about the works of the writer, and then goes on to the new theme, which is written on the stand under Beimbet’s portrait:

«Your suffering I am crying over,

Your honor is important in life.

What you go through, I will go through too,

I have made up my mind to both hard and easy”, ─

Starts the lesson with such a short verse . He/she talk about such facts. B. Маilin was born in 1904 in Kostanai region, district Тоbyl, village Aktobe. Both Beimbet’s father Zharmagambet and his grandfahher Maily were poor people. After being taught by the village mullah, Beimbet went to the neighbouring village in 1911-12, in order to get education in the madrasah of the khodja Argymbai. After studying in school «Uazifa» in Troitsk in 1913 one year, next year he entered the madrasah “Galiya” in Ufa, where he got higher education. At that time Beimbet was well-educated and his interest for literature had grown up. His first poems were published in magazines «Bow», «Аikap» and he became famous at that time.

The information about the the history of writing the story «Sign of Shuga» was given by Beimbet’s friend, the famous bashkurt poet Saifi Kudash. He told that at the end of February 1916 the teacher of Language and Literature Galymzhan Ibragimov of the madrasah «Galiya» gave his students to write an essay on the optional topic, Beimbet wrote as an essay «Sign of Shuga», but he says that he did not know whether Beimbet had written it before or he had written it as a task. «The story of Bimukhammed Mailin, to my mind, ─ said he, ─was one of the best essays. It was published in the magazine «Sadak» in the Kazakh language, whose editor was Bimukhammed Mailin». The teacher can tell about the youth, his surrounding, educational background, his first years of career, teaching, journalistic career. The teacher can also cite memoirs of his wife Gulzhamal Маilina and of his friend Hero of Socialist Labour, People’s Artist of the Kazakh SSR Serke Kozhamkulov to arouse pupil’s interest for the lesson. A brief review of the idea, composition, characheristics of his first stories «Sign of Shuga», «Attention», «Sadakbai», «Letter from Father», «Eighty som», «Sign of the Muslim religion», «We are Ybyrai ─ I am Ybyrai», «Give, Myrkymbai, your hands!», «Raushan communist», «To the poor», «Vendetta» can be given.

While talking about Beimbet’s writing career and career path, the memoirs of the Kazakh famous poet Otebai Тurmanzhanov can make impression on the schoolchildren: «I dreamt of seeing one of the founders of the Kazakh Literature and the best representative of Kazakh Prose Bimukhammed aga. In 1929, in winter the publishing house «Kazakhstan» invited me to the capital Kzylorda to sign a treaty concerning my collection of poems «Secret of the dawn», which I had prepared for publication. And when I came to Kzylorda, I was lucky to meet Bi aga, who I was eager to meet. He was a rather tall, solidly built, ill-clad, friendly, positive, dark-haired man ...». The teacher can recite this memoir or can tell the pupil to do it.

In explaining the new theme, the teacher tries to tell about literary works of the writer. He/she will tell about poems, prose works and dramas of Beimbet Mailin, in which he described the life and phenomena in his works. Aesthetic features, significant changes brought by October revolution to the Kazakh steppe, the image of the representatives of groups, destinies of thousands of people and their characteristics are described in B.Mailin’s works skillfully. It is appropriate to say a few words about his moral and ethical qualities. . ─ In this respect will be appropriate to cite an abstract of Gabit Musirepov’s memoir and to recite the poem «Exemplary brother» of Kasym Togusakov, who was one of the reliable followers of the great writer.

The teacher gives a talk on B.Маilin’s literary works, their role in the history of Kazakh Literature and their influence on other representatives of Kazakh Literature [3]. Such facts will explain the influence of ideas and educational value of literary works of the writer on Kazakh Literature on the whole.

Bibliography cited

1. Kirabaev S. Oner orysy. – Аlmaty: Zhasushy, 1971. p.12.

2. Smanov B. Newspaper «Kazakhstan mugalymi». – 1984. 23 August

3. Kabdolov Z. Аrna. – Аlmaty: Zhasushy, 1988. p.96.

4. Beiskulov Т.A. Beimbet Mailin – critic publicist. 10.01.10 dissertation for getting the degree “Jornalism”. Аlmaty, 1996. p.15.

5. The role of mass media in showing world problems //Kazakhstan: constructive years and global problems. Materials of scientific – practical conference. Almaty: 2003. p. 35-41.

6. Peculiarities of Journalism and political journalism. //Collection of scientific works Еurasia:«Republic of Kazakhstan and problems of mass media». -Аlmaty: Nur, 2003. P.78-84.