Master Ospanova G.

Senior teacher Shortanbaev Sh.

Master Mnaikhan S.

Al-Farabi Kazakh University, Kazakhstan

“COPPER HORSEMAN” IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

A.S. Pushkin which is considered to be one of the greatest Russian poets whose works have been translated into all European languages including Turkish. Abai translated the extracts from “Eugene Onegin” and his extracts were one of the best poems which were being loved by the Kazakh readers and widely spread in the Kazakh steppe. His poetry is hard to translate well into other languages because the words are full of special meaning in Russian culture.

In the XX century A.S. Pushkin was able to get thoughly acquainted with the Kazakh nation. During the Soviet Union Kazakh community completely began to understand A.S. Pushkin and reached the rank of being fully developed in learning his poems. In 1937 how many poets were in the Kazakh land so many numerous Kazakh poets began immediately to translate the poems of Pushkin, so a lot of poems related to the events of the 100 th annirvasary of the poet have been translated in the Kazakh language. Before the separate extracts were only translated from one or two poems into the Kazakh language. Nowdays all his poems were translated and published. It made 3 volumes, all poems, famous songs, stories and some plays were embraced in the volumes. So his influence on the Kazakh writer was enormous and several world composers set his stories and poems to music.

The novel “Eugene Onegin” was translated entirely by Ilyas Zhansugurov. Those, who translated his poems: T. Zharokov, A. Tazhibaev, G. Ormanov, V. Dauletbaev, S. Talzhanov, K, Amaukolov, ect. On the whole they tried to translate the orginal version of the poems as quite and complete as possible .

 One of the poets was Gali Ormanov who translated into the Kazakh language the poetic songs of the famous poet Maktimkuly, Pushkin’s poem “Copper Horseman”, the creative works of Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina”, Nekrasov’s “Mayakovski” and poems of Tursin Zada etc. 

The interpreter G. Ormanov tried to translate keeping its exact words of the orginal version with the literal meaning of A.S. Pushin’s poem “Copper Horseman” and he translated it into the Kazakh language as “Mys salt atty”. The author translated the introduction which had 98 lines in original to 102 lines. In other words, in the original introduction there were 98 lines, in authors version which he translated there were 102 lines. The first part had 163 lines, and in the interpreter’s translation there were 178 lines but in the second part where there were 228 lines, he translated to 250 lines. There some places where you can meet that one line was translated as two lines, in order to bring the same rhyme. However, the translation of G. Ormanov can be considered as the best and accurate translation of A.S. Pushin’s poem “Copper Horseman” into the Kazakh language.

In Russian:

берегу пустынных волн

Стоял он, душ великих полн»

“On the shore of desolate waves

He stood, the great full of soul.”

In traslation:

«Иіссіз толқын самалында

Тұрды ол, ұлы ой бір басында».

Not having any smell on the chilly waves

He stood keeping great idea in his mind.

In original:

«Над возбужденного Неваю

Стоит с прастёртою рукою

Кумир на бронзовом коне»

Over the exited Neva

Idol on a bronze horse

Stands holding his hands out

In translation:

«Қолын сілтеп алғы жаққа

Дүлей Нева қабағында

Жебеуші тұр мыс салт атта»-

Indicating his hand forward

Spiritual supporter is on the copper horse.

Stands on the shore of Neva

In a such way the interpreter directly and exactly translated the poem. But in this lines:

«И вдаль глядел.

Перед ним широко.

Река неслась: бедный член

По ней стремился одиноко»

Looked for front distance

The wide river before him

Rushed: a poor member

And it sought lonely along.

That was translated

«Алыс болжап, алдында өзен

Жатыр шалқып, жүр осында

Жадау қайық жалғыз жүзген»- деп аударған

“Predicting far, there is a river before him

And he is there and luxury led by

Only the decrepet boat is swimming” –

translated in a such way.

The difference is that the author translated “the poor member” as “decrepet boat” in the original version.

«По линистым топким берегам

Чернели избы здесь и там»-

“Along the lined marshy shores

Huts blackned here and there” –

This word phrase was translated by G.Ormanov in the following expression:

«Бұж-бұж, сазды жағаларда

Қаралды үй анда-санда».

“Equal – unequal with clay shores

The house was sometimes looked for”

In the original version:

«Назло надменному соседу

Природой нам суждено

В Европу пробудять окно»

“Inspite of arrogant neighbour

The nature was risen by

The window would be opened to Europe”

In Kazakh:

«Күйіндіріп көршіні- ақ

Орнатамыз бұл жерге мәр

Европаға осы тұстан» -

“Annoying their neighbour

We establish their a thing.

From here to Europe” – was the result of translation. Here the phrase “The nature was risen by” did not translated from the original version.

The compound word phrase “All flages would come to us as guests” in the translation that was translated devided into two parts

“Here the flages of countries

Would come still like guests”

Like this:

«Где прежде финский рыбаков

Печальный посылок природы»

"Where the first Finn fishermen

Sad parcels of nature»

«Ертеде фин балықшысы

Табиғаттың өгей ұлы

In translation:

“Long ago Finn’s fisherman

The adapted child of nature”

Here he didn’t translate the word “where”. By the way, line “The sad parcels of nature” he figuratively translated like “The adapted child of nature”.

But these lines were translated with several changes:

«Когда я в комнате моей
Пишу, читаю без лампады»

“When I am in my room

I write, read without icon-lamp”

In translation:

«Жақпаса да бөлмеге шам
Оқимын да жазамын мен».

If the lamp wasn’t turned on

I could read and write

In other words, there were a few differences from the original in these lines. There were another example:

«Над омраченным Петроградам

Дышал ноябрь осенним хладом»

“Over the cloudly Petrograd

November breathed with autumn cold”

This line was given like this:

«Сүрландырып Петроградты

Ноябрь кеп демін тартты».

“Making Petrograd turn grey

November came and sighed”

The interpreter didn’t translate the word “autumn”. Now, lets take some differeneces between the original and the translation.

«Было ужасная пора,

0 ней свежо воспоминание

0 ней, друзья мой, для вас

Начну свое повествованье

Печален будет мой рассказ» -

“It was a terrible time,

About it there is fresh reminisce

About it, for you, my friends

I will start my story

My story will be sad”

This is the view of the verse in translation:

«Әлі күнге шықпас естен

Өтіпті бір керемет шақ

О, достарым қатар өскен

Сендер үшін кеттім бастап

Тиер бірақ сезімге ауыр».

“Still can not forget

Passed such a wonderful time

Oh, my growing contemporary friends

I began for your sake

But it will be hard for heart”

Here the interpreter translated the first, the second and the last lines as “It was a terrible time” - “Still could not forget from our memory”, “About it, for you, my friends” – “Oh, my growing contemporary friends”. But in the original there was no word “growing contemporary”. The interpreter added the words from his side.

The words in the original “To get married? Me? Why not get married?” were translated like “WilI l be married? Why not be mariried? The line “How long will I be a single person? could not be found in the original. The interpreter added this line by himself. Anyway, the contexul meaning was completely interpreted by adding this sentece suitably.

In order to give the precise meaning of the original the following examples will be given:

Түпнұсқа:

«Но вот, наситясь разрушеньем
И наглым буйством устамясь
Нева соратно повлеклась
Своим любуясь возмущеньем»

In original:

But the violent damage was here

And the riot was staring insolently

The fascinated Neva was led

With his admiring indignation

In translation:

«Қарық болып қиратқанға
Арпалыспен шаршап, қажып
Мәз-мейрам болып шулатқанға
Қайта лықсып тартты Нева».

"The good relationship was destroyed
Tired and weaken from fighting,
Being happy for making noise
Filled again with water Neva

Here the author instead of “Violently” used «the word phrase "The good relationship was destroyed”, and instead of “admiring” he used the word “being happy”. The original meaning was precisely given with these words. Also the words “Force to the trouble, fight” were translated as “Oh, there will be a stream”, but “Burst out laughing” was translated as “laugh carefully and cautiously”.
In other words, the translator skillfully used the interjection “Oybai“which had the fear meaning and “sak-sak” which had the meaning “laugh carefully and cautiously”.

Finally, we want to say that A.S. Pushkin’s poem “The Broze Horseman” which was translated by Gali Ormanov saved it’s original specific features and it has been recognized as a succsessful product.

The great peoples of the world were recognised showing their greatness all over the country. But the giants of literature emerging from the scope of the nation spread their knowledge all over the world. Some ideas struck our mind that the Kazakh readers got aquainted with the books of Russian classical writer of literature A.S. Pushkin. Finally his work found its way to the heart of Kazakh readers.

A.S. Pushkin’s work was a considerable contribution to the development of the Russian literature as bright star in the sky in the first half of the XIX century. This bright star becoming known all over the world increased the bright beam in order to radiate the global literature and influenced other nationalities. People in the Kazakh steppes came to know and love A.S. Pushkin’s work for over a century.

Abai was the first among Kazakhs who recognized the Russian great poet. Now Alexander Pushkin’s almost all works were translated into the Kazakh language. Pushkiniyda in the Kazakh language had already conducted as a big branch of our national literature.

The Russians defended a special dissertation devoted to A.S. Pushkin’s poems and dozens of studies concerning to the interpretation of his poetry into the Kazakh language had been written. The Kazakh literature was significantly influenced by the works of A.S. Pushkin in the range of literary links.

However, the Kazakh Pushkin Studies will be continued, because every generation coming every century would have their own point of view, appreciate the meaning of his words in his works differently from the height of modernity.

A.S. Pushkin was the best Russian poet in the XIX centaury. It passed more than a century as his poems became available to read in the Kazakh language. The first poet who recognized the Russian literature in the Kazakh steppe was our poet Abai. Nowadays most of A. S. Pushkin’s poems were translated into the Kazakh language.

The works of Pushkin in the Kazakh language look like as a big populous which is not available to everyone. We didn’t try to reach this big populous. We only tried to deal with some features of the Kazakh interpretation of Russian-speaking Pushkin. We paid our attention to the individual facts of a specific experience who was considered as the world poet with a global scale as Pushkin and we want to say are some ideas and thoughts about his acquaintance with our original literature.

Translation is a bridge between nations. The translation is a literary work and it will also become spiritual ambassador among nations. The nations drew closer to each other from the side of spiritually throgh translation. A.S. Pushkin’s works were also one of the factors which make up two nations together spiritually. In this way, through the works of the great poet Kazakh readers came closer to the people of Russia.

Literary translation is an art competition, the race of literatures and the possibility of language contest. That is, the one who is sure to his capacity or talent to translate the works of the great poet into his language and the one who can completely realize the fiction nature of the literary production. Otherwise, no one try to reach the top of unattainable treasure and nobody wants to be shameful in this case. While translating the production of the great poet, the translator would be able to compete against the author in his talent as an equal in strength.

Here the spiritual potential of nation, the procedure of langauage and mentality, in other words all national dignities and personal gualities of the nation would come to support to the translator. In terms of literary translation the works of A.S. Pushkin into the Kazkh language some people made a good mark, and also some people got failute in their talent. We told our points of view about some features of our remarks in the research paper.

In conclusion, we can say that a lot of time has passed since the great poet Alexander Pushkin’s works were read and become mysterious along the steppe of Kazakh people. The precious pearls of the bright star of Russian literature were poeticaly sung in the Kazakh language with the translation of our great Kazakh poet Abai and also some other remarkable Kazakh poets took an active part in interpretation.

Thanks only to Kazakh great poets’ hard work, spiritual courage the production of the great poet A.S. Pushkin reached the Kazakh readers’ heart and spread his wing in the world of literature.