Philosophical sciences/2. Social philosophy

Popov V.V., Scheglov B.S.

Doctor philosophy, Doctor philosophy,

Loytarenko M.V.

Graduate student

Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), Taganrog Institute named A. P. Chekhov (branch), Taganrog, Russia

ANALYTICAL HISTORY AND FACTOR OF TIME

Within consideration of the problem connected with the state of the art review of various approaches to history philosophy there is a number of aspects which, eventually, create rather wide palette of opinions, but don't apply for the arrangement of priority accents connected with an originality of understanding of a ratio of philosophy and history within post-nonclassical science. In the second half of the XX century the new type of post-nonclassical rationality which, emphasizing historicity of the reason started developing, focuses attention on processes of the communication which is carried out in a certain sociocultural space and time and determined by historically concrete systems of values. To determine time of emergence of a new paradigm, its borders outlined by these or those philosophical concepts, schools, currents so difficult, as well as in case of nonclassical rationality.

A peculiar vision of the substantial part of a historical perspective can be variously depending on in what range the human history, for example, as sequence of a mutual complementarity and autonomy of various forms of complete human history which is actually shown within features of ascension of theoretical philosophico-historical thinking from abstract to the concrete is considered.

The problem of a ratio rational and historical becomes an axial problem for the leading philosophical directions. The history isn't thought as the process or as a stream which isn't put, predetermined to the person individual consciousnesses, irrational in the basis any more. It is a way of existence of all phenomena and processes of the world, including reason, every time acting in concrete historical forms which are result of activity of the person. Searches of sense of history are carried out on the way of clarification of a ratio individual and general, subjective and objective, stable and dynamic, traditional and innovative etc. The person for whom the history is a fundamental way of its existence becomes the center of these crossings. As a result the history gets anthropological measurement because searches by the person of its sense coincide with searches of sense of the life by it.

It is necessary to pay attention to approach to an explanation of social reality and, respectively, its historical forms consisting in natural change by one others who are based on understanding of property of human life, its peculiar discretization when one event is separated from another by specific pauses. It is that in this case there is no address to what changes and what exactly occurs in the course of an exit to a problem of a subjective frontage to the fact taking place in social reality. This problem concerning the nature of a sociohistorical event and according to the nature of the historic fact displaying essence of the maintenance of the events, its reconsideration in a modern context doesn't lose the relevance as receives existential coordinates of the life in the history.

The attributive concept of historical process assumes that this process isn't something existing separately from subjects of its activity. The history consisting of the structured events of different scale from the point of view of both time, and space will substantially be organized as the integrated characteristic of results of actions of historical subjects, differs not so much with degree and scale of participation of subjects in creation of history, how many degree of their responsibility, understanding of the certain role in creation of direct social life; the originality which is available during each historical era or the so-called moment of history differs in a combination of the acting and not acting subjects of sociohistorical process. That special style of historical development which is shown in a way of life, typical for every era, and a mentality is defined.

The social and philosophical analysis of historical process from a position of post-nonclassical rationality considers a number of factors, for example, factors of the ideal, connected with knowledge of this or that person or outstanding persons; natural, connected with the geographical environment and human biology and so-called artificial which more are defined by way of production and the available technologies. The method of judgment of historical process establishes ability of the person to develop within space and time under those laws which are caused by human history. Schematically such historical process is represented the ascending line conducting in "freedom kingdom". Then the history is represented not as something casual, and as strictly determined process which is closely connected with civilization approach to the historical process allowing to consider transitions from one phase to another. Addressing to the sense of history, it is necessary to tell that there is a peculiar need of existence of a konstituentny factor in the history.

In this regard, considering a problem of historical development from the point of view of rationality, it is possible to note that existing in the history it is represented through due, and possible acts as a peculiar correlate of the same real and same due. As a result the problem of the present can be considered in terms of last time and possible with an exit to the future owing to what the real will possess in principle and not to possess true life. The similar contradiction meets when designing various models of historical process, and it really reflects tendencies which are characteristic for modern post-nonclassical science. The knowledge of sense of history becomes possible on the basis of the classical gnoseological principle of identity logical and historical. The rationalistic discourse consists in clarification of the reasons of a historic fact, its essence, its communications with other phenomena and regularities, in definition of tendencies of development, etc. Within post-nonclassical science research of system model of historical process is complicated by complex nature of human activity, ambiguity of estimates of its contents, structure and functions by relativity of borders between a subject and object, ratios of the purposes and means, material and spiritual aspects.

Literature

1. V.V. Popov, B.S. Scheglov. The theory of rationality. Rostov-on-Don, 2006. 320 p.