Philosophical sciences/2. Social philosophy

Popov V.V., Musica O.A.

Doctor philosophy, Doctor philosophy,

Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), Taganrog Institute named A. P. Chekhov (branch), Taganrog, Russia

TO THE QUESTION OF THE PRESENT IN HISTORICAL PROCESS

Idea of a bezdlitelnost of the present forced many thinkers to refuse to historical reality true life. Actually, any historical process while it exists, exists in the present. And though the concrete historical objects filling historical reality can't exist infinitely long, they don't come from the future now and aren't removed in the past, and arise and cease to exist the movement of historical reality resulting in the present. From the future arise and not objects and processes of historical reality, but only their states consign to the past. The concept "state" can be defined as qualitative and quantitative definiteness of life of historical objects and processes. Owing to a hierarchical multilevelness of the historical world and historical objects each object is characterized by a peculiar system of the states possessing different degree of stability, thus the steadiest is the state connected with qualitative definiteness of historical object. Change of this state means loss by object of the qualitative definiteness and the existence termination. But also in this case the object doesn't consign to the past, it remains in directly current present, and remains in the form of some remains, results of destruction, etc.

Change of conditions of objects and processes is a current of historical time. It is possible to tell that arise from the future and various conditions of objects and processes of historical reality whereas the reality is in eternally lasting present consign to the past. This objectively real event, actual existence of the historical world, its objects, processes and events. As from the future arise and not objects, and only their states consign to the past, in historically real time there is no past and future time, and there is only continuously lasting present. To imagine past future tense, it is necessary to possess memory and imagination.

The historical thought in 19 - 20 centuries gets the powerful philosophical and methodological basis in "person" of panlogizm, the principle of identity of the spirit and the world excluding any doubts in possibility of cognoscibility of history. Therefore other direction in philosophy of history which purpose is transition from descriptive historical activity to historical research of scientific and rational type is formed.

The researcher of historical process structures, systematizes object of the research, trying to find the adequate conceptual and methodological bases for its understanding. At such approach borders of sciences extend, and there is a modern search of theoretical reference points.

The appeal of scientists to creation of exact models of the description allows to use means of modern symbolical logic for the solution of many conceptual problems. So far already there are various logical concepts considering problems of designing of historical process, a historical event, historical time, historical change, etc.

Defining within the approach of the relation chosen by us, structural elements of historical reality, we inevitably use the category "process" used in various meanings. According to it it is necessary to allocate and define some main types of process in research of logic-methodological aspects of philosophy of history:

- Process as sequence of stages, only elements, the moments in emergence, development and disappearance of an event. It is microprocess (owing to definition of the event) or configurativity process.

- The situational process understood as consecutive change of events in the fixed situational interval. It is "molecularity" process of historical research.

- Macroprocess – process as consecutive change of situations in the fixed macrointerval of historical reality.

- The "generalizing" process which represents the historical totality revealing as infinite change of macrointervals.

In social philosophy the hierarchy of types of processes is represented important in methodological aspect as assumes creation of "a rational framework" of historical descriptions. Within various directions of the modern theory of processes possibly specification of basic elements of historical designing. So, the concept "process" is already beyond the sphere of the past and the present and speaks in the future. In this connection consider quasiprocess within which it is possible to consider the movement of history from an actual situation in some world to a set of "the possible worlds" in the future. Therefore attribute of quasiprocess is the movement in the casual direction (without sharing thus the category "accident" and "opportunity"). Quasiprocess is considered, for example, by Resher in the context of the general understanding of process set by it as "linear discrete sequence of indexed elementary processes. Discretization assumes entered by it quasi - the moments "birth" and "death" of process.

Fundamental nature of the concept "historical process" causes complexity of its philosophical treatment. As the philosophy history, the appeal to problems of process and time, its intensive reflection testifies, is characteristic for transitional eras. It is absolutely natural as during such eras it is unique various types of mentality, attitude and outlook coexist. Possibility of existence among various worlds allows the person to feel on own experience that human language calls time. The transition period which as if unites already lost universalization of the past and creation of a universalization of the future, reveals before the person as space of its own problems in the conditions of globalization.

Literature

1. V.V. Popov, O.A. Musica. Time and social synergetrics. – Rostov-on-Don, 2007. - 256 p.