Psychology and
Sociology/8. Pedagogical Psychology
Kuzmina I. P.
National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv
Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine
Factors of professional
identification of future specialists of technical profile
Under
modern conditions, the most topical type of identity is a professional
identity, as a profession is one of the most important areas of social life in
which people can identify and realize themselves. As a result, the concept of
professional identity in psychology is extensively studied.
In
general, the concept of identity is dual by nature. On the one part, it acts as
a priori and absolute truth. On the other part, it requires constant
corroboration. In this regard, the phenomenon of identity is intensively
studied both in foreign (A. Waterman, W.James, J. Marcia, J. Turner, E.
Erickson, etc.) and national psychology (A.Borysiuk, M. Ginsburg, A.
Yermolayeva, S. Maksimenko, L. Schneider, etc.).
Thus,
in western psychology, the solution of identity issue has been initially
conducted mainly in the context of the concepts of “self-image” –
“self-concept” (W.James, J. Habermas, M. Heidegger, K. Jung, E.Erickson, etc.).
In
national psychology, idea of identity has traditionally developed within the
research of self-consciousness, self-attitude, self-determination and
socialization of a personality (M. Bakhtin, I. Kon, B. Ananiev, L.Vygotsky, S.
Rubinstein, etc.) [2].
In our
work, by professional identity, we mean awareness of belonging to a profession,
professional community. It is not limited only to professionalism but is the
result of professional self-determination, personalization and
self-organization.
As a
result of scientific analysis, we can assume that professional identity has
different sources of formation. One of these sources is professional education,
the content of which is determined by the normative state documents on
education. Thus, having studied at some faculty and having obtained a diploma,
specialists are perceived as professionally identical to their profession. In
these cases, the basic conditions of professional identity formation are the
educational and professional community of fate and professional awareness. On
the other part, in the formation of professional identity a certain role is
played by personality radical. Significant role in the development of
professional identity is also played by subjective expectations and
possibilities of social perspectives and recognizing by others as a
professional that contributes to professional identity confirmation [4].
Professional
identity is determined by professional communication and professional
experience; it is represented by speech activity through self-description of
“self-image” which consists of cognitive, affective and behavioural components.
By this logic, the “self-image” is a means of expression of professional
identity.
T.
Berezina claims that the process of professional identification is influenced
by three factors:
1) subjective, or
personal, inner factors, which deal with value-sense sphere,
self-consciousness, self-actualization, reflectivity, competence, abilities,
pleasure, creativity;
2) objective, or
outer factors, which deal with requirements of professional activity that is
carried out in person-oriented paradigm, which is a regulating base of
professional and personal self-determination;
3)
objective-subjective factors, which deal with organisation of educational and
professional spheres [1]
N.
Mizina assumes that such psychological quality of a person like learning ability
determines the efficiency of students’ learning at technical universities. This
term refers to personal characteristics (adaptability, flexibility of
personality, motivation intensity, etc.) and full intellectual potential of a
person. The leading components in the structure of mental abilities of future
specialists of technical profile is a high level of spatial representations and
rate of quick-wittedness. In addition, they must have a high level of
non-verbal intellect.
Studies
have shown that during the study at the university, future engineers’ features,
which characterize a positive attitude to socially accepted norms, develop;
introversiveness of personality, which tends to intensify mental activity and
increase its effectiveness, grows. However, future engineers are typical of
narrowness of cognitive interests. So, their attention to the political life of
the country is understated, even less they are interested in philosophical
problems.
During
training of students in technical universities, formation of cognitive and
emotional components of professional identity takes place, i.e. students’
self-concept as a member of a professional group develops, which includes the
idea of their professional positions and their possible professional behaviour,
and acceptance or rejection of this membership takes place; different variants
of students’ professional identity arise as well [3].
We can
assume that formation of the components of professional identity of future
specialists of technical profile is influenced by both the process of their
professional self-determination during their training at the university and the
content of training.
References:
1. Berezina T. S.
Stanovlenie professionalnoy identichnosti pedagoga / T. S. Berezina // Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie
i nauka. – 2008. – ¹ 7. – P. 24 –
27.
2. Ermakova Z. V.
Professionalnaya identichnost sotsialnogo pedagoga: dis. … kand. psichol. nauk:
19.00.03 / Zoya Vladimirovna Ermakova; Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyiy universitet
im. Admirala G. I. Nevelskogo. – Vladivostok, 2007. – P. 45 – 60.
3. Mizina N. N. Stanovlenie
professionalnoy identichnosti buduschih inzhenerov vo vremya obucheniya v vuze
/ N. N. Mizina // Materialyi XXXIX nauchno-tehnicheskoy konferentsii po itogam
rabotyi professorsko-prepodavatelskogo sostava SevKavGTU za 2009 god. – V. 3.
(Obschestvennyie nauki). – Stavropol: SevKavGTU, 2010. – 131 p.
4. Schneider L. B.
Professionalnaya identichnost (Struktura, genezis i usloviya stanovleniya):
dis. … d-ra psihol. nauk: 19.00.13 / Lidia Berngardovna Schneider. – Ì., 2001. – P. 115 – 120.