Конференция «Передовая наука»
Строительство и архитектура/3. Современные технологии
строительства, реконструкции и реставрации.
Yepifantseva S.V.
State Higher Educational Establishment «Pridneprovs’ka
State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
MODERN TRENDS IN HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION
The increasing globalization of settlements, the
improvement of living standards, increase of requirements to the comfort of
living leads to the concentration of population in large cities and increasing
the number of storeys of buildings.
Today in high-rise construction observes the following
trends:
-
the increase in height of
buildings;
-
development of multisectional high-rise building;
-
the emergence of a new type
of multifunctional high-rise building, which comprises of retail, office, and
residential apartments with a full range of services for residents;
-
the transition from the
construction of individual buildings to the construction of high-rise complexes
and high-rise building of neighborhoods and districts;
-
in the construction of tall
buildings has been quite functional structure: the ground floor houses the
entrances to the building, shops, restaurants, entertainment facilities
(bowling alley, dance hall, etc.), cinemas, theatres, swimming pools, sports
and fitness facilities; the floors located below ground level, placed parking lots, garages, service stations, functions of
maintenance of buildings; on top of typical floors accommodate offices,
residential apartments; on the top floor depending on the height of a building
can to be the premises for physical training, penthouses, radio or TV station, observatory; directly placed on the roof observation deck,
restaurant, cafe, solarium,
swimming pool, helipad, engineering systems (signal lights, antennas, water
tanks, etc.);
-
an increase in the use of
reinforced concrete in pure form and in combination with steel; reinforced
concrete structures are used in ceilings walls of elevator shafts, the outer and inner walls, and foundations;
-
the most rational design of
the foundation – plate-pile;
-
with the flexibility of the
building (ratio height to a smaller size in the plan) over 8 apply a damping
device which dampens vibrations caused by wind loads;
-
reduces the application frame with
stiffening diaphragms and braced frame consisting of frame-barreled structural
system; most commonly used box-receiver system; an
increase in the use of box system.
Listed global trends in high-rise construction fair
for Ukraine, however, should be highlighted and the shortcomings of the domestic
high-rise construction:
-
problems of transport and
urban planning nature that arise after the construction of tall buildings in central parts of cities: when existing in the center of a
fairly high density development creates traffic jams not only in this district,
but the surrounding neighbourhood;
-
high risks associated with
the design, construction and operation of tall buildings (for engineering
geological surveys in inadequate quantities and quality, the underestimation of
the complexity of geological conditions);
-
medical cautions.
Given
these problems in the design of high-rise buildings in dense urban areas in
major cities of Ukraine will contribute to improving the safety and reliability
of high-rise buildings.
Учет указанных проблем при проектировании
высотных зданий в условиях плотной городской застройки в крупных городах
Украины будет способствовать повышению безопасности и надежности высотных
зданий.
References
1. Richard L.
Urban construction project management / L. Richard, J. Eschemuller. –
N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 2008. – 480 p.
2. Sarka V.
System of project multicriteria decision synthesis in construction /
V. Sarka, E.K. Zavadskas, L. Ustinovicius, E. Sarkiene,
C. Ignatavicius // Technological and Economic Development of Economy:
Baltic Journal on Sustainability. – 2008. – Vol. 14, № 4. –
P. 546-565.
3. Shevchenko G.
Multi-attribute analysis of investments risk alternatives in construction /
G. Shevchenko, L. Ustinovichius, A. Andruskevicius //
Technological and Economic Development of Economy: Baltic Journal on
Sustainability. – 2008. – Vol. 14, № 3. – P. 428-443.
4. Sidney V. L.
Project management in construction / V. L. Sidney. – N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 2006. –
402 p.