Zhussupov А.Е., Zhussupovа А.R.

Candidate of philological sciences, Kazakhstan, Astana

Kazakh agrotechnical university of the name С.Seifullin

THE SWITCH TO THE LATIN ALPHABET: PREMISE, THE BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION

The head of state N. A.Nazarbayev in the Message to the people of Kazakhstan «Strategy-2050» especially noted need of translation of the Kazakh letter on Latin graphics and accurately emphasized: «We need to start since 2025 the translation of our alphabet on Latin, on the Latin alphabet. It is a fundamental question which the nation has to solve. Once in the history we already made such step. For the sake of the future of our children we have to make such decision, and it will create conditions for our integration into the world, the best studying by our children of English and Internet language and the most important is will give an impetus of modernization of the Kazakh language» [1,5].

The problem of the letter was, is and will be one of the main problems of human society. Emergence (or the invention) letters played the greatest role in the history of mankind.

The letter was, is and will be one of the main factors of development of human society as with the letter invention, the individual began to connect the past, the present and the future in a whole in space of time and territories.

So, the letter - times a binding thread. The letter, first of all, transmits through language and literature from generation to generation statics and dynamics of a time span, i.e. a condition of this or that era, feature of this or that event in the history of mankind as a whole and each people in particular.

The letter, as times of a binding thread, on the one hand, is the strong, firm phenomenon, on the other hand - the fragile phenomenon open to injury.

Durability and firmness of the letter is in its constancy i.e. that is constant category both in the past, and in the present, and in the future. Fragility, easily vulnerability of the letter is that a certain human society (the state, the people, the nation) carry out transitions from one type of the letter to other type of the letter and consequently, transfers concrete type of graphics from the status of constant category to the statusof changeable category (within this state, the people, the nation). For example, today, numerous change like graphics in the XX century in the Turkic world of Central Asia (the Arab letter; Latin; Cyrillic's; and again Latin, but already only in Turkmenistan, in Uzbekistan and in Karakalpakstan); the same in the Caucasus - in Azerbaijan [2,30].

At such approach to the letter the letter type any more doesn't carry out one of the major functions - function of times of a binding thread as in society the intertemporary thread like letter breaks and remains only in the past (without the present and the future), and the new type of the letter accepted in this concrete human society, the function «times of a binding thread» carries out already without the past - in the present and in the future. And only then, through a certain period, again accepted type of the letter in this state, society has a past. And that «far» past which was reflected by the previous type of graphics, for many becomes inaccessible both on graphic signs, and according to the contents.

Language exists in an oral and written form. Oral form of language - instant and short long-term memory.

Written form of language - both instant and very long long-term memory. Therefore, the second, written form of existence of language is the chief keeper and the distributor of experience of the person and mankind.

The letter - a fundamental principle of modern human life, means which differentiates vision, perception and the marked reflection of the world by the person (unlike other living beings - animals, insects ...). The letter - the human memory, remaining in the millennia, passing on experience of predecessors to their followers, that is descendants.

Therefore mankind history - at the same time and letter history. From here, time mankind does everything to keep the person and spiritually, and physically healthy, it in the same way has to care and of the letter - the main sign memory of mankind. Such valid reverent attitude to the letter has to be not only abstract and universal, but also specifically national focused. Then preservation for the millennia of the main wealth of mankind - various types of the letter (schedule) in the form of the corresponding written monuments reflecting history, culture, science, education, a way of life of every era, each people, national associations will be provided.

The translation of the letter on Latin - a question solved. As it is time requirement, and there is no other way if we want to become the full member of world information community, freely to use new office equipment in an everyday life. Secondly, it is necessary to deliver to current in a question of sound structure of primordially Kazakh sounds. I am compelled to call the modern alphabet "Kazakh-Russian", moreover, even on the contrary «Russian-Kazakh». Because the modern alphabet, together with all spelling rules a tracing-paper from unrelated Russian. Therefore always I said that to the modern Kazakh letter alphabet change is insufficient only, and cardinal reform is necessary. Reform isn't limited to one change of the alphabet [3, 35].

Reform has to concern three main aspects - a sound system, the alphabet and spelling: the sound is the special form cover of language separating it from others; the alphabet is a cover of that sound, being expressed even more figuratively, protection or sound armor; spelling rules a sheaf serving for association of sounds in words. These three aspects are closely connected among themselves and without their decision together, it is impossible to create primordially Kazakh alphabet. And alphabet change one of the first conditions and optimum ways of refonning of the letter. If it is correct to select Latin letters, many letters, "spoiling language" will go out of use. Thus, the modern Kazakh alphabet will be consist of two autonomous parts, the first - for designation of aboriginals, and the second - for designation borrowed because to reduce them under oneroof neither in scientific, nor in applied aspects it is impossible. In the table will the structure of letters of the national alphabet is specified only, and behind the table the letters designating foreign-language sounds and rules of spelling, concerning their spelling will be specified.

The alphabet on the basis of Latin graphics has to correspond to the following principles:

(1) Preservation of an order of the Latin alphabet;

(2) Giving of similar sounds of Turkic languages by one general sign;

(3) Giving of specific sounds of Turkic languages by distinctive signs;

(4) Identical writing of similar letters;

(5) Quantity of alphabetic characters has to correspond to quantity of sounds of language;

(6) Prevention of additional signs, the designations contradicting a sound and internal system of language;

(7) Prevention of use of the same sign (alphabetic reference) for
transfer of two similar sounds;

(8) Prevention of use of two different signs (alphabetic references) for transfer of one sound;

(9) Forms of writing of printing and capital letters of the alphabet have to correspond each other.

Remained only, having risked, to begin letter reforming. There are no easy reforms neither in policy, nor in economy, in finance, etc. However such reforms are carried out the highest power step the authorities, and bottoms only use their result. In the reason of it the bulk of the population doesn't feel fully weights of reforms. And difficulties of reforming of the letter will concern all without an exception, since the first grader, up to the pensioner who is training in the new letter. Feature of reform of the letter also consists in it.

List of the used literature:

1. Message of President of Republic of Kazakhstan N.Nazarbayev of people of Kazakhstan «Strategy 2050" the New political course taking place state» 14.12. 2012.

2. Zhussupov. M., A letter is fundamental principle of human life and language and speech memory of people, states From collection.// Introduction of new national alphabet on the basis «Of the Latin graphic arts in turkic countries: problems and ways of decision» Astana, 2013.

3. Mussaev. S., Passing to the Latin graphic arts: the modern state and problems in Kirghizia.// Introduction of new national alphabet on the basis «Of the Latin graphic arts in turkic countries: problems and ways of decision» Astana, 2013