Lies and deception speech in modern linguistics
Zhusupov AE
Candidate of Philological Sciences
Kazakh Agro Technical University S.Seifullin
The paper presents an analysis of theories of speech
deception in modern linguistic areas: linguistics, logical analysis of
language, sociolinguistics, cognitive science and semiotics, lingvofilosofii,
psycholinguistics. These areas are the parts of a new scientific field -
"linguistics of lies', based on a system-structural description of lies.
This issue is widely discussed in the framework of a doctoral dissertation
Russian scientist A.Lenets [1].
At the end of XX - beginning of XXI century.
Linguistics lies and deception speech occupy an important place in the research
of Russian and foreign linguists. The scientists set out to summarize the
experience gained in the study of lies / deception, the rules and laws of their
internal systems. Linguistic areas differ from each other asking questions of
various studies of lies and deceit as the object of these disciplines,
different technique of analysis.
Attempts to create theories of lies and deceit of the
speech, which would have explained the essence of the linguistic lie there for
a long time and in different directions [2]. In many areas of modern linguistic
aspect is considered a lie / deception: psycholinguistics, the logical analysis
of language, cognitive science, sociolinguistics, linguistics, semiotics,
yurislingvistike, lingvofilosofii. In the Kazakh linguistics lie discussed in a
separate article, and then only in a purely philosophical, literary aspect. We
will look at some aspects of the fraud / false on the basis of Russian and
foreign authors.
The true meanings of false statements are not
expressed, and are hidden. Explicate the meanings are false, manipulative,
misinform, ie insincere. Under the hidden meaning is defined as "any
sense, not verbally expressed in the message body, but are perceived as an
implicit target and interpreted them on the basis of linguistic competence,
knowledge about the world and available in the message indicators" [3,6].
With its own system of hidden meanings, the sender information enters them into
your message. The introduction of such meanings leads to drastic changes in the
volume of information transmitted, and in its very nature [3,6]. Lies and the
accompanying sense is always intentional, because they are speaking
deliberately.
The invariant meaning of words and their connotations
silhouetted against the context of their use, so do not accidentally modern
foreign and domestic philosophers habitually appeal to the language.
Under the scientific direction of the logic of
language analysis methods are used, the categories of logic, as well as the
conceptual analysis of language and its relationship to thought and knowledge.
So, for example, studied concepts such as fate, duty, truth, lies, however, in
the context of different languages and cultures. The interaction between
linguistics and philosophy there was such a thing as a concept. Logical
analysis of language research will open up new horizons and new objects of
study in linguistics, such as, for example, the conceptual field [4.88].
Concept - the semantic content of the concept, the
scope of which is the denotation of the word. Conceptual field - name system
concept and word elements associated with major names. Conceptual field is
dynamic, determined by each native speaker individually. The core concept of
the field is a variant of the word, which, in the opinion of a native speaker,
other more appropriate to the nature of the concept.
In domestic linguistics concept is being studied in
such scientific areas as modern domestic cultural linguistics and lingvokontseptologiya.
In linguistics notion of the concept is the basis of categorical system [5].
The concept, as a basic category ligvokulturologii reflects the collective
mentality of a native speaker. Some scientists predict the emergence of a new
trend in linguistics, which is formed at the intersection of linguistics and
cognitive linguistics (cognitive science) - lingvokontseptologii [6], for which
the basic terms and concepts.
The concept of a concept corresponds to the
representation of those senses, which operates the person in the process of
thinking and that reflect the content of experience and knowledge, the content
of all human activities and processes of learning about the world in the form
of "quanta" of knowledge [7,9]. In other words, the concept - it is
like a clot of culture in human consciousness, that is, then, in the form of
what culture is in the mental world of man. On the other hand, the concept -
that is, whereby a person is included in the culture itself, and in some cases
affects it.
One of the most actively investigated at present in
linguistics is the concept of "false". Each abstract name brings to
life the idea is not about one particular subject, but a whole range of
different subjects at the same time having the properties of the represented by
each of them. In other words, the analysis of the compatibility of the abstract
semantics of the word reveals a number of different and not pooled, the images
that are associated with him in the everyday consciousness.
One of the common methods of reconstruction of the
linguistic world is a metaphorical analysis of word abstract semantics,
revealing "sensually perceived", "concrete" image that maps
to a naive view of the world to this "abstract" concept and provides
the admissibility of a particular class in the language phrases [8,3 - 4].
Generic term for all types of lies is a deception, and therefore dominant,
nuclear lexicalized concept word "lie" [9,37].
Lingvofilosofiya language includes a wide range of
studies aimed at understanding the relationship between language, being (a
reality, the reality of the world) and thinking, as well as themselves
theoretical and methodological knowledge expressing and interpreting these
relationships. In lingvofilosofii theory lies and deception of the speech related
to the concept of "language games" as a form of language use in
action. According to the definition of Wittgenstein 'value in use of language
as a "statement can be interpreted only by the context of its use. [10]
The term "language game" introduced by L.
Wittgenstein to describe language as a system of conventional rules, implies a
variety of meanings. The researcher understood language game as the use of
language in order to influence people, to whom the lie and with rules that must
be studied, as in all other games. [10] To those rules carries a scientist, for
example, the possibility of being caught in a lie. Learning the rules of the
language game of lies is gradual and people in the process of socialization
should learn before learning how to pretend.
The provisions of a lie as the language game drew
criticism from some current research in the field of philosophy of language.
[11] C. Dietz criticizes Wittgenstein for the interpretation lies in a language
game. According to her, the scientist did not take into account some important
points. Thus, L. Wittgenstein does not classify language games, including a
lie. Lying, being, in her opinion, the language game of the second order
involves the mastery of the fundamental rules of language games of the first
order [11].
On the basis of a systematic structural description of
lies and deceit of the speech can confidently predict the emergence of a new
scientific field - "linguistics of lies." Its subject should be
considered false speech acts, which reflect the intentions of the speaker, his
social, psychological symptoms, in accordance with which it builds its strategy
and tactics of influence on the recipient of false information.
References
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pädagogischer, historischer, soziologischer, sprach-und literature wissen
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S.
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