Candidate of Philological Science Kilichev B.E.

Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan

Proper Names оf Appellative Basis

Proper names are distinguished as the largest and complex units in onomastic system. Their semantic and origin features are often concerned in linguistic analysis; that is there is the analysis of what they refer to including personal names, names of places and so on. But the semantic component of a certain proper name, its base and origin are often neglected. However, proper names are not the linguistic units, which completely lost their meaning. There is a difference between proper names in onomastic fund of the language according to their reference to the subject or object they imply. They can refer to lively or lifeless thing. In other words, proper names are “the system of systems” [2]. Therefore, the meaning and fundamental basis of a proper name are considered in the process of naming objects; otherwise any name could have been chosen to denote. Only certain types of common names can base on proper names. On this occasion, in onomastic research one can come across the term of ‘appellative lexeme’ which denotes one type of common names opposite to proper one.

It should be noted that the term ‘Appellative’ (latin:common name) is used towards the type of common name that may form a proper name. The emergence of a range of terms in the root of common names that may form proper names enlarged vocabulary of onomastics. For instance, appellative basis, names with appellative basis, appellative stage, appellative-made oiconim, appellated (deonomisation), appellative lexeme, transference of appellative into proper names (onimisation, properisation), appellative names are in active use in onomatology [4].

Common names are main base of word-class. As they refer to a homogeneous notions and words, they are investigated in lexicology; while proper names are studied in onomatology. Thus, the term of ‘appellative’ is considered as an onomasiologic unit.

Despite the opposition of common and proper names, they are closely linked with each other. This is clear by their alternative usage in speech, transference in meaning (conversion), especially when they base on each other. As stated above, proper names based on common one lose their notional meaning, becoming distinctive sign of this or that object [1].

In our research, we examine proper names based on common lexemes, that is proper names formed by appellative names with the help of affixes and affixoids.

Proper names of the Uzbek language are formed by adding the following affixes and affixoids to appellative names:

-jon. This particle has a polysemantic feature distinguished by the possess of independent meaning, being affixoid to denote petting, caring as well as forming a proper name by joining to appellatives. Compare: Иссиқ жон иситмасиз бўлмас (A lively heart is prone to fall ill)- Онажоним рози бўл! (Mummy approve me!)- Бегжон, Қулжон, Муллажон and etc.

-xon. Besides independent use, this particle possesses the meaning of petting, respect, and honour. Умархон, Абдуллахон, Замирахон and etc. While joining to appellative names it forms personal names: Сурмахон, Нурхон, Ойхон, Онахон. In these examples the particle became inseparable part of the stem and shows a deep respect, sincere care [3]. In this long run, we should mention that -jon and -xon affixoids form the male and female names (Нуржон, Онахон, Дадахон, Бойхон, Бобохон etc), as well as have dialectical properties. For instance, in the dialects of Fergana valley one can follow the jointure of -jon in males’ names and -xon in females’ ones. But we can hardly see this kind of usage in dialects of Bukhara region.

-oy. This affixoid also forms antroponims through appellatives besides denoting pet or care: Чўлпоной, Ширмоной, Мадинаой, Маъқулой, and etc.

The lexeme oy itself can serve as an appellative base. There are two cases: it can denote the personal properties by joining to the female name: Ойгул, Ойбиби, Ойсанам, Ойқиз, Ойсулув, Ойпари, etc. Secondly, there can be formed antroponims to denote male by adding the words such as, болта, бек, мамат, қўзи to the appellative stem Oy.

Bibi- (-bibi), Buvi. These words are used to refer the old people. Furthermore, they can be basis for proper names of females: Холбиби, Норбуви, Тошбиби etc. The words Bibi-, Buvi- themselves can be appellative stem: Бибисора, Бибинор, Бибихол etc.

Gul- (-gul). This word is widely used both to convey a grammatical meaning and to form a word. While forming proper names its semantic meaning of fragility, attractiveness and beauty serves as a base. Therefore, it forms female names, such as Бахтигул, Меҳригул, Атиргул, Доногул by joining to appellatives. While the word ‘Gul’ itself becomes a stem, the expressiveness enhances: Гулзира, Гуласал, Гулбадан

In the Uzbek language there are some more particles such as, -boy, bek, qul with their own peculiarities. First of all, they are sex-indicators, by forming proper male names: Анқобой, Арслонбек, Асадбек, Асрорқул, Аннақул However, they can refer to pet in the context.

In a literary or colloquial speech the parts as -boy and -bek can be used instead of a whole word. For example, Bek instead of Otabek, Boy instead of Mirzakarimboy. In some cases, one can follow of omitting particles to denote unwillingness to pet or care: Ahmad instead of Ahmadjon, Salim instead of Salimboyvachcha. Usually, stylistic colorfulness is aimed at this progress.

There is a highly usage of proper names based on the jointure of two or more appellatives in onomastic lexicology. For instance, Шермамат (Шер+Мамат), Дўстмурод (Дўст+Мурод), Қўшмурод (Қўш+Мурод), Эшмирза (Эш+Мирза), Худоёр (Худо+Ёр), Ёрмамат (Ёр+Мамат), Бўритош (Бўри+Тош), Тошбўри (Тош+Бўри), Норбобо (Нор+Бобо), Ёрбобо (Ёр+Бобо), Нурбобо (Нур+Бобо), etc.

We can also form proper names through conversion. Тўлқин (wave) – Тўлқин (Wave), баҳор (spring) – Баҳор, ёлқин (glow) – Ёлқин. This matter takes considerable part in the Uzbek language due to a great dimension of converted common names into proper ones. Thus, we don’t point this matter.

However, we should mention the case of deonimisation which is directly linked with the term ‘appellative’.

Deonimisation – the convert of proper names into appellatives without any help of inflection [1]. This case is peculiar to any world language including Uzbek. Especially, it is mostly seen in the system of Toponyms and Antroponyms. For instance, in toponymy Deonomisation is the product manufactured in a certain area, thus named after that location and spread all other areas under that name. In other words, the proper name of a widespread product is used as a common one among the inhabitants. For example, Тошканди дўппи (a rectangular skull-cap of Tashkent), Амиркон маҳси (shoes made of soft and glittered leather), Банорас тўн (clothes made of silk which is produced in Banoras city of India), Фаранги рўмол (a shawl made in France).

Antroponim-appelatives have a great role in the language. Here we mean the terms came out by the name of first inventors or producers of science and technical innovations. For example, Ризамат (a kind of grapes), вольт (measurement of electricity).

To conclude, deonimisation has also great part in the vocabulary of a language. Thus, an appellative lexeme is considered as a base and opposite to a proper name. The proper names based on appellatives have peculiarities in form and structure.

The list of literature used:

1. Kilichev E. Onomastics of the Uzbek Language. –Тashkent, Uzbekistan, 2004.

2. Podolskaya N.V. The Dictionary of Russian Onomastic Terminology. –Мoscow, Russia, 1988. –p. 18.

3. Begmatov E., Uluqov N. The Dictionary of Uzbek Onomastic Terms. Namangan, Uzbekistan, 2006. –p. 9.

4. Mukhtorov А. Proper Names Based On Common Names. // The Matter Of Grammatical Construction and Stylistic Features Of the Uzbek Language. –Samarkand, Uzbekistan, 1996. –p. 16.