Lavrinenko O.V., Candidate of Jurisprudence, Senior Lecturer, Donetsk Legal Institute of Lugansk State University of Internal Affairs of E.A. Didorenko

Subject, Method and System of Branch Principles of the Labour Law: Character of Mutual Determination and Correlation Communication

Results spent by the author of the given publication of researches [1-7] became the basis for following conclusions and generalisations. Quite natural and natural we see presence of system interrelation of branch principles with a subject of branch of the labour law. To the greatest degree such communication is shown in the characteristic of essence of such branch principle, as a principle of restriction of sphere of legal regulation by relations hired work. We think, that in this case, unlike the characteristic of methods of legal regulation, primary on character of correlation communication the subject of legal regulation acts, and branch principles are derivative and such, that together with a subject determine special means, forms and features of the mechanism labour-legal regulations. There is a close connection between a subject and a method of the labour law and approaches to construction of system of branch principles. In the given context the conclusion that the system of branch principles (norms-principles) of the labour law is constructed on «mutual pair categories» dispositive and imperative regulation (the permission, an interdiction and the instruction), directed on overall aim achievement (maintenance of the optimum coordination of interests of workers, employers and the state, protection of the rights and interests of workers and employers), on the one hand deserves separate attention available in labour-legal doctrine; with another – offered classification is based on «subject criterion» – the basic rights and duties of the worker and the employer. Thus the system approach to branch principles means, that in principles find reflexion (display) a subject and a branch method. According to adherents of the analyzed approach, to number of «main principles of the labour law», defining «person» of branch, concern: 1) freedom of contracts on work and a forced labour interdiction, 2) equality (unity) and differentiation of the labour rights and duties, and will equally lock discrimination in labour relations, 3) unity of state-imperious, socially-partner and individually-contractual ways of regulation of labour relations and will lock to establish the working conditions worsening position of the worker in comparison with the labour legislation, collective agreements and agreements, and to abuse the labour rights; 4) guarantiality individual and collective labour rights and interests of workers and employers, and interpretation of unsoluble contradictions and doubts in statutory acts about work, contracts on work in favour of the worker is equal. As we see, in resulted doctrinal approach its adherents assumed construction of system of branch («cores») of principles of the labour law to carry out by «subject criterion», actually on which in system of principles and communication with a subject of the labour law, and also taking into account available methods of legal regulation of labour relations will be traced.

Giving due to the author’s arguments resulted above, we will notice, that regarding essence interpretation «subject criterion» adherents, in our opinion, commit an error as characterise essence of the last instructions not on sphere of action of norms of the labour law, and on «the basic rights and duties of the worker and the employer». The system of such rights and duties in itself not represents, does not characterise directly the subject of branch representing set of certain groups of public relations in which, under the statement of authors of the analyzed approach, find «reflexion (display)» branch principles of the labour law. Besides (if hypothetically to rise on a position of adherents of the analyzed approach), it is not absolutely clear, why in this case it is underlined only on «basic», instead of all system of the labour rights and duties and rather only two, instead of all (their circle is much wider) subjects of the labour law – participants of sociolabor relations? In our opinion, even the superficial analysis of the maintenance offered by authors of the analyzed approach of principles testifies, that the rights and duties of the worker and the employer as participants of labour relations act not as determinants, i.e. the factors forming their maintenance, and only influence subjects, the objects falling under sphere of realisation of branch principles of the labour law. The essence and a vector (direction) of realisation of the specified processes in the mechanism labour-legal regulations are various.

Some more disputable moments – concerning the characteristic of character and an essence of correlation communication between criteria of ordering of branch principles and methods of legal regulation of labour relations. First, conceptually adherents, within the limits of applied by them of «the system approach», in our opinion – it is unreasonable, start with primacy method of the labour law in relation to its branch principles as believe, that in principles «find reflexion (display)» a subject and a branch method. Secondly, in the maxims resulted above authors of the analyzed approach appeal to «mutual pair categories» dispositive and imperative regulation (the permission, an interdiction and the instruction), directed on overall aim achievement – «maintenance of the optimum coordination of interests of workers, employers and the state, protection of the rights and interests of workers and employers)». With such conclusion, regarding the statement of its authors about presence of interrelation designated «pair categories», it is necessary to agree, as, really, labour law is symbiosis, «amalgam» private and public law that is why, accordingly, effective regulation of labour relations naturally provides complex applications of both specified methods, but we will specify – with some prevalence, all the same, the decentralised (contractual) legal regulation. However, in our opinion, here it is necessary to talk not in general about dispositive and(or) the imperative legal regulation, being universal – general legal methods that is why not characterising in this case and objectively not able to characterise available specificity, features of separate branch of the law, and about those or other features (specificity) in a combination specified general legal regulation methods in sphere of legal regulation of a separate version of public relations – sociolabor. Not casually in the literature the characteristic of a method of the labour law is carried out with instructions on existence in the general theory of the law of system of the signs characterising as a whole, without branch «binding», the method of legal regulation and with reference to the labour law – is underlined, that these general lines (signs) of a method of legal regulation are expressed in «originality», «specificity», «a various combination» methods, ways, receptions of legal influence. So, in this aspect in the literature it is marked not about a method of the labour law (in strict understanding), and about «lines (signs)», «typical lines», only «ways» of legal regulation, «the basic signs» method of the labour law.

Indicative and methodologically significant the conclusion of scientists which underline, that a method of legal regulation – «the important sign» law branches here is represented, and the various combination of ways of legal influence on public relations forms specificity of a branch method, defines it «a special legal mode» which consistently passes through all institutes and norms of branch and with which help regulation of corresponding sphere of public relations is carried out. The method of branch of the law is not created any way by the legislator, and formed depending on an originality of a subject of legal regulation. As the basic signs of a method of legal regulation the general theory of the law allocates: structure of the legal facts necessary for occurrence, change or the termination legal relations legal position of participants legal relations, a way of formation of the maintenance of the rights and duties of subjects; specificity of sanctions, ways and procedures of their application. In each branch of the law these signs get a various combination in which distinctive features of a method are shown, its branch specificity. Specificity such is inherent also in a method of the labour law. It is necessary to speak about any specific receptions which are used by corresponding branch of the law for achievement of completeness of legal regulation characteristic for it public relations. As the public relations entering into sphere of legal regulation, are rather various they require different methods of legal influence. And than more than such public relations different in character enters into a subject of certain branch, especially, obviously, that its method should be characterised by a combination of various receptions, to which help these relations are regulated. Not the method of legal regulation defines law branch, and the law branch defines a method of legal regulation. From such, at first sight, simple change of communication between cause and effect becomes clear why sometimes different branches of the law use the same methods of legal regulation. At such approach to concept of a method of the labour law, i.e. when a method consider not as criterion of allocation of the labour law from other branches and as a set of specific receptions with which help it is regulated the relations labour and closely connected with them, it is possible to understand why a method of the labour law similar to a method civil or why it a little than differs from a method of the agrarian law. These two branches elements private-legal an order, therefore they use similar methods of regulation of public relations, though also a different subject accessory. A difference only that in one branches one receptions owing to what the method has one appearance prevail, and in others – others and consequently it is expressed by other signs.

Thereupon, obvious the conclusion about actual presence in branch of the labour law not branch (in strict understanding of its essence, an arsenal of means of its realisation – systems of receptions, ways of legal regulation), and as-as if branch method(s) as it is a question not of presence certain unique (for other branches of the law) receptions and ways or as a whole a uniform method or methods of legal regulation of labour relations, and only about branch specificity, features of a combination in the course of application existing over the branch («general», «general legal») receptions, the ways, as a whole already known methods of legal regulation is represented. Widely applied term «a method of the labour law» is represented conditional and in such understanding quite admissible, comprehensible to the use as in branch, so general legal doctrine.

Literature

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