PhD Ospanova Zh.Kh, Sc.D., professor Isaeva A.U.

The South Kazakhstan State University named after M. Auezov,

Scientific research institute of Industrial Ecology and Biotechnology.

5, Tauke Khan avenue, Shymkent city, Republic of Kazakhstan

The ecological state of the river Koshkar – Ata

Many aquatic organisms are good indicators of habitat conditions, therefore, studied the structure and dynamics of the abundance of indicator species can be estimated by the presence and quantitative development of the reservoir water quality and ecological state [1].

The river Koshkar-Ata, which runs through the center of the city Shymkent, South Kazakhstan region refers to the fifth class of water quality and is defined as dirty. Sources of water pollution of the river are communal drainage of private sector. The water environment of river is polluted by various organic compounds, which are dominated by nitrites, nitrates, oil products and other organic contaminants. In addition there are also chlorides, sulfates and mineral salts of copper, zinc, magnesium and iron which concentrations are slightly higher than the maximum permissible concentration. The high content of organic matter in terms of increased water temperature promotes strengthening of the biochemical processes associated with their utilization. In these conditions, the intensification of the absorption of oxygen dissolved in water and development of organisms - hydrobionts that sharply make worse the saprobiological water descriptions are occur.

The object of study is based on 4 points of the r.Koshkar-Ata: source, Ordabasy area (1 km from the source), the Ecology Administration (2 km from the source), the bridge Khatyn-kopr (7.5 km from the source). Hydrobiological parameters of the river Koshkar-Ata are outlined in table 1.

Table 1 – Characteristics of quality Koshkar ata rivers water

Items №	Species name	Saprobity	Value of indicating	Soiling index
1	Cocconeis placentula Achnanthes biasolettiana Gomphonema olivaceum Navicula laterosrata Meridion circulare	β О β α Х-О	1,35 0,75 1,85 2,7 0,65	1,33
2	Cladophora fracta Meridion circulare Cocconeis placentula Fragilaria atomus Cymbella ventricosa Synedra ulna S. рulchella	β β β Х-О β О β	1,35 1,95 2,2 0,65 1,35 1,15 2,2	1,55
3	Oscillatotia amphigranulata Phormidium foveolarum Cocconeis placentula Gomphonema constrictum Caloneis amphisbaena Stigeoclonium tenue Euglena proxima Euglena adhaerens	α α β β α-β α ρ- β ρ- β	2,7 3 1,35 1,85 2,35 2,7 3,45 3,45	3,86
4	Mougeotia scalaris Melosira varians Cocconeis placentula Opephora mortyi Rhoicosphenia curvata Stigeoclonium tenue Euglena proxima Euglena adhaerens	α β β β α α ρ- β ρ- β	3 1,35 2,7 2 1,85 1,85 3,45 3,45	2,25

According to the  table 1 of the model organisms were observed diatom Cocconeis placentula, Achnanthes biasolettiana, Gomphonema olivaceum, Navicula laterostrata, Meridion circulare. They registered mostly in isolated instances, and therefore regarded as oligosaprobes. Oligosaprobe index 1.33 indicates a weak contamination. Further downstream the river receives industrial and domestic sewage. Drastically reduced water clarity, increased BOD₅ - up to 2.88. There is an abundant life activity of algae. On a coastal and natural stones green algae Cladophora fracta forms mass fouling. Mass development of algae and other organisms carrying out self-purification processes can lead to worsening of water quality. Fouling occupies a leading position in the river self-pollution, especially during periods of mass death and decomposition in water incense organism content, organic matters, and also unpleasant odors appear. On the surface fibers Cladophora fracta abundantly vegetate epiphytic diatom: Meridion circulare, Cocconeis placentula. Meridion circulare can be assessed as ß-mezasaprobe. Sporadically and are rarely observed oligomezasoprobe Fragilaria atomus, ß-mezasoprobes diatoms Cymbella ventricosa, Synedra unla and S.pulchella.

The index of pollution on phytoplankton in this sector is 1.55, which conform to ß-mezasaprobe zone, according to a scale of water quality – is moderately polluted waters.

Hydrobiological structure of point №3 is characterized by a mass vegetation of green filamentous algae Stigeoclonium tenue – it is sharply expressed saprobe organism reacts strongly to water pollution by organic waste and forming fouling on a water- things that greatly affects the accumulation of large amounts of slowly mineralized organic matter . As a consequence, here a large number of Euglena multiplies - apoly-mezasaprobe organisms. Microperifiton consists mainly of blue-green algae Oscillatotia amphigranulata, Phormidium fovcalarum, and diatoms Cocconeis placentula, Gomphonema constrictum, Caloneis amphisbaena. Point number №4 is characterized by a high content of phosphates. As a part of the massive algal flora found abundant vegetative overgrowth ά-mezasaprobes: Stigeoclonium tenue, Mougeotia scalaris. Filaments of Mougeotia scalaris which according to the large number is regarded as a ß-mezasaprobe, all covered with epiphytic diatoms Cocconeis placental, Melosira varians, Opephora mortyi, Rhoucosphenia curvata. All these algae are typical mazasaprobes. Rarely get a ά-mezasaprobes Phormidium foveolarum, Nitzchia sublenaris. These algae can not tolerate highly contaminated water and require the ability for their life more light than the diatoms and green algae.

Thus in the river Koshkar -Ata found 22 species of algae: blue-green - 2, diatoms - 15, green - 3, euglenophytes - 2. Of these two types are ksenooligosaprobes, 8 - ά-mezasaprobes, 14 - ß-mezasaprobes, 2 - poly-ß-mezasaprobes. The predominance of revealed algae of ß-mezasaprobes indicates very dirty river.

References:

1. Makrushin А.V. Biological analysis of water quality. – R., 1974, pp.129.