Экономические науки/9.Экономика промышленности

Khaidarova A., master student

Scientific supervisor: Yesenbayeva G.A., doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor

Karaganda Economic University, Kazakhstan

CENTER FOR HEALTHY FOOD AS AN EXAMPLE OF INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND PRACTICAL PUBLIC HEALTH

In the modern development of Kazakhstan, on the background of a sufficiently low level of public health it is important to find tools and methods of its preservation and development. According to estimates by WHO, human health by 50-60% depending on his diet and lifestyle (only 10% of the level of development of medicine). More than 75% of deaths from major diseases and their origin is associated with malnutrition [1].

Analysis of the research in Kazakhstan shows that there is still a weak prophylactic activity of the health care system, that is, focus on the treatment of disease rather than its prevention. The research project published by WHO, based on data analysis experts from different regions of the world, were identified leading risk factors, as 7 of the 10 major risk factors for human health, determine the current level of morbidity and mortality in the world's population are eating disorders, it is malnutrition, excess body weight, micronutrient deficiencies, alcoholism, high blood pressure, poor quality of food and water, high levels of cholesterol in the blood. [2]

Center for healthy eating Semey State Medical University was established at the Department of outpatient care in April 2011. Further implementation of planned initiatives began with the joint efforts and the decision Semey State Medical University, in cooperation with the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Academy of Preventive Medicine to continue work on the development of the Centre of healthy eating as part of the national program "Salamatty Kazakhstan", the program "Healthy Nutrition - Health of the nation Kazakhstan for 2008-2012 ", is considered a healthy diet as a key link in creating a healthy lifestyle. The center is coordinated by the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, is an internationally renowned research and advisory - methodical center in the region in all aspects of the issues of healthy eating.

The purpose of the Center is to preserve and improve the quality of life of the population, the individual human health in the environment by reducing the risk of nutrition-related diseases.

The objectives of the Center are students, children and adolescents, elderly and senile age, pregnant women and nursing mothers. The main tasks of the center:

• informing the public about healthy eating;

• Integrated prevention of socially significant forms of disease, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis and other directly related to the nature of power;

• monitoring, research and evaluation of the power of various socio-biological groups;

• improving the nutritional status of children, women of reproductive age, the WHO, pregnant and lactating women;

• contribute to ensuring a sustainable supply of popula-tion safe and healthy food;

• participation in the development of recommendations for the consumption of food for the population;

• carrying out multi-level public and communi-raising campaigns aimed at promoting a culture of healthy eating and skills, improve education and awareness of the various population groups in the area of healthy nutrition, food safety and consumer protection, involving all available media.

During the short period of existence of the Centre of healthy eating quite a lot of the activities carried out to study issues related to nutrition. For example, when analyzing the work of outreach awareness and presentation of various kinds of communication materials on healthy eating with the following results. Staff and volunteers of the Centre covered by the work of the center in 2725 people. The structure of the population - are pupils, students of secondary schools, women of reproductive age, elderly and senile age, in the age group over 60 years, highlighting the urban and rural population.

Among actively involved in the work of the Study of the infor-mation in the field of healthy eating has been allocated a group of schoolchildren, secondary school students and students with conducting a questionnaire before and after the talks and lectures on healthy eating, with a time interval of 1 month.

The data show that in the studied group has a fairly good level of awareness that after further discussions, lectures and conducted repeated questioning even more increased.

Despite ongoing efforts to promote healthy on-times, there is the need for its strengthening and creating additional conditions for the attractiveness, availability, and commitment to the principles of good nutrition. The possibilities for its strengthening, for example, could be opening a network of canteens and other places for hot meal, with the ability to comply with its regularity, providing them with fresh food, fruits and vegetables, healthy drinks. An important component could be holding shares among institutions for the preparation of food in the best performance, focused on proper and healthy diet, thus creating the most favorable conditions for the prosperity and development.

Among isolated populations were again conducted anketiro-tion on the proposed questionnaire. The results showed a significant improvement towards the adherence to the principles of healthy eating.

Monitoring nutrition includes the creation of the state system of monitoring the nutritional status, food availability and consumption, as well as programs for the prevention of micronutrient deficiencies in various age and socio-biological groups.

In the East Kazakhstan region during the second half of September 2011 was carried out biological monitoring security micronutrients among women of reproductive age and children aged 6 to 59 months. Random sampling was carried out by the cluster, 20 children under 5 years of age in each cluster and their mothers (20 women of reproductive age), which ultimately amounted to 85 children and 82 women. The examination was performed after obtaining consent selected voluntary women to participate in the survey themselves and their children, the determination of hemoglobin content in the blood obtained from a finger stick, and also to obtain a blood sample in a volume of 5 ml, and urine samples of 2 ml for further analysis micronutrient content in the laboratory. Estimated number of children was somewhat exceeded. Considering the requests of the parents were investigated for two children from the same family, and the second child of dvoyni.Vyborka take into account the principle of the district in the areas of health care for children aged 6-59 months.

Another important indicator for determining the status of vitamin A and vitamin A deficiency on the basis of determining the concentration of serum retinol (ug / dl). To normal levels of vitamin A referred value greater than 30 g / dL borderline 20-30 mg / dl, a moderate deficit of 10 to 20 g / dL, severe deficit values less than 10 mg / dL. The results are, by definition, to determine the status of vitamin A are presented.

 In the group of individuals studied is determined by reduction of vitamin A in 30 women (37%) and in 40 (49%) children, more pronounced in children, is a significant decrease in this indicator also it depends on the problem of insufficient revenues through its food.

The next indicator causing serious enough interest is to determine the content of folic acid (FA) .Opredelenie de deficit of folic acid and folate status was based on the determination of the concentration (mg / L) of FC in blood plasma. Being based on the following values: FC normal level greater than 6 g / l, the boundary layer FC from 3 to 6 g / l, moderate deficiency of folic acid (DPC) from 1.3 to 3.0 g / l, slightly less than 1 DPC, 3. Fig. 6 shows the results of this study had greater changes to reduce the content of folic acids in children. For example, in 1 (1%) of children have severe deficiency of folic acid (DPC), a moderate deficit in 7 women (9%), 14 children (16%), borderline in 34 women (41%), 42 children (50%).

Recent studies have shown that folic acid deficiency contributes to the development of cancer diseases, particularly breast cancer, but the mechanisms are complex and not completely understood. The correlation between the indicators reduce the content of folic acid and the risk of developing breast cancer. (Akilzhanova AR et al., 2011). These groups of patients are already at risk of developing not only cancer pathology, and it is necessary to develop preventive measures.

Depending on the results, based on urinary iodine concentration (mg / l), the following 6 groups, including 3 groups of iodine deficiency (dq) and on the status of iodine for normal, above normal and excess levels.

From our studies it is clear that marked as rose-Weighted level, and iodine deficiency in children and women. This shows that still iodine deficiency in the region takes place. And poly-tick group iodine prophylaxis by iodized salt should be continued as long-term and effective method for mass prevention of iodine deficiency. There is ample proof of the correctness of the prevention (Sharmanov TS, 2010), since 21 children (25%) and 30 (37%) of women urinary excretion of iodine was within normal limits. Yet it should be noted that it is necessary to show some caution in terms of excessive consumption of iodized salt. Almost half of the children surveyed - 45 (53%) and among women - 34 (41%) has a hut-precise level of performance or above normal urinary iodine. Ex-adherence showed that iodized salt should be consumed in reasonable quantities. Such studies are necessary to carry out regular monitoring and further correction of iodine prophylaxis program group, depending on the results.

Centre actively pursuing the issue of public awareness and the fortification of food products. According to the requirements of the Government RK from 19.01.2008g. №32 «On approval of rules of enrichment (fortification) food products subject to sanitary and epidemiological surveillance" of the 56 flour mills of the East Kazakhstan region held only two fortification of wheat flour and first grade (LLP "Zashita elevator" of Ust-Kamenogorsk and JSC "East Kazakhstan flour and feed mill" Semey). In a survey of the population remains low awareness about the ongoing issues incorporated fortification of foods. An important part of this work will be carried out by the Centre of healthy eating.

The staff of the Center for a healthy diet with the active involvement of the 5th year students of medical university conducted ten-day of hypertension in the period from 19 to 23 September 2011. We studied the prevalence of hypertension (hypertension) in patients, according to the negotiability of the mixed type in clinic №1 Semey. Conducted a cross-sectional observational study included measurement of blood pressure, I was (BP), measuring height, weight, waist and hips, while questioning it turned out the presence of a history of hypertension, in case of the presence of disease duration on treatment related to nutrition. As a result of the action was attended by 1925 people. Included in the study individuals were divided into groups according to the results of measurement of blood pressure and a history of hypertension. Thus, three groups were formed. Group I: patients with an established diagnosis of hypertension (of 536 people, 28%); Group II: patients with normal blood pressure without a history of hypertension (of 1346 people, 70%); Group III - patients with newly diagnosed in elevated blood pressure (only 43 people, 2%).

Results of the study showed the relevance and importance of attracting people to the implementation of measures for the early detection of cardiovascular disease, accessible and objective method of determining the level of blood pressure measurement of body mass index (BMI), OT (waist circumference), identifying factors to identify factors is not correct, supply. BMI results in various groups of patients is shown in Fig. 8. The need to consider indicators that evaluates the performance of overweight and abdominal obesity, allows the impact of these risk factors and preventive measures in the risk group.

In the study of eating habits in the 3 groups studied revealed more serious violations in 3 groups of patients newly diagnosed with elevated blood pressure numbers. These problems have occurred in the other groups, indicating that the lack of preventive work to raise awareness of healthy eating.

In 2011, the average life expectancy in Kazakhstan was 68.6 years, which is less than the statistical level of Japan, the highest in the world, for 16 years (in 2011 was 83 years). Japan has a long experience of healthy nutrition centers, where much attention is paid to nutrition. It has been shown that dietary factors are more important in the development of cardiovascular disease than genetic.

In recent decades, in Kazakhstan there have been significant changes in the structure and amount of food consumed. In our diet, many new products made using modern technology, whereby food and biological value of many foods has declined. As a result of insufficient intake of biologically active substances is necessary to fill them. All the above-mentioned problems of healthy nutrition are priorities in preserving and strengthening the health of the population.

Preliminary results of the study of nutrition in Kazakhstan showed that the diet is atherogenic and is characterized by an imbalance in consumption of fats in the form of increasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated inadequate intake, increase the proportion of carbohydrate, and the general lack of animal protein, dietary fiber, and their soluble components, antioxidant , coenzyme vitamins and minerals deficiency[3].

Since the opening of the Center for a healthy diet do more work to improve the health of the population in the region through such an important aspect of how good nutrition, conducted a large-scale information and propaganda work among the population that is very relevant today. Experts of the Department develop communication materials on healthy eating, designed to target populations (medical professionals, women of reproductive age, children, the elderly, and so on. D.). During his work in the work of the Centre during the year covered more than two thousand urban and rural population. A lectures, discussions and actions on nutrition of more than 60 appearances on television up to 8 times [4].

An biomonitoring among the urban and rural population for the security indicator groups (children aged 6-59 months and women of reproductive age), iodine, iron, folic acid and vitamin A; for micronutrient deficiency in indicator groups on the iron status, serum ferritin levels of anemia and blood in the level of hemoglobin, the prevalence of folate deficiency, the level of folate in serum, the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, the level of serum retinol, prevalence deficits iodine, the level of iodine in the urine. In the East Kazakhstan region the study underwent 82 women and their 85 children. The importance of the study of these indicators is dictated by the need to conduct preventive measures and a deeper understanding of the results. Held biomonitoring population revealed insufficient public awareness on issues of healthy eating, nutritional value of products.

Thus, conducted by the Centre of healthy nutrition preventive measures for improvement of the population in the region through such an important aspect of how a balanced diet should give positive results and contribute to the sturdy physiological, mental and social health.

REFERENCES

1. Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On people's health system and sensibly-escort." September 29, 2009.

2. Food and health in Europe: a new basis for action, Copenhagen, WHORegoonalOfficeforEurope, 2003. - 38 c.

3. Sharmanov TS Nutrition - the major factor of human health. Almaty Asem-Systems, 2010. 480s.

4. Yamori Y. Food factors for atherosclerosis prevention: Asian perspective derived from analyses of worldwide dietary biomarkers .// Exp Clin Cardiol. 2006 Summer; 11 (2): 94-8.