History / 2.General History

The role and characteristics of Kostanai region as a rear in the war years.

Eralina A.E., Senior lecturer

Kostanai State University named after A.Baitursynov

The Republic of Kazakhstan

The occupation the western regions of the USSR by Germany led to the fact that the role of Kazakhstan and western Siberia has risen sharply in the economic plans of the country, especially in the development of the industry. The war has put Kazakhstan in terms of the basic arsenal front. At the first stage it was necessary to implement the restructuring of the Kazakhstan economy on a war footing, ie all industrial enterprises switched to military production and, above all, the defense value. According to the academician Kozybayev M.I., this required the redistribution of labor, material and technical, financial and human resources to the needs of the economy, it was necessary to create a new scheme of co-operation and specialization of production. [1]

The rear has always played a major role in the war. "Surround always and in all wars have a direct impact on the course of the war. The strength of the direct impact on the course of the war depended on the nature of the war, on whether the war touched the vital interests of the masses, or they were not affected by it, whether the war was fought for liberation or predatory "[2].

Military science believes that in order to win the war, not enough to have good strategic and operational plans, you still have an economic and moral capacity of the country to ensure that these plans, you have an advantage over the enemy in such a permanent factors such as the stability of the rear, morale people and army, weapons Army, organizational skills of commanding the army. Therefore, it is necessary to have in the developed industry and agriculture, big material and human resources, advanced social and political system, ideology and advanced science.

None of the last war the decisive role of logistics did not speak so clearly and convincingly as in the war of the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany and its allies.

In order to quickly mobilize all the forces of the Soviet people in the struggle against the enemy June 30, 1941 was established the State Defense Committee, in whose hands were concentrated all power in the state. State Defense Committee to ensure the unity of action of all Party, Soviet, Komsomol and military authorities in the rapid mobilization of all the resources of our country to defeat the enemy.

The restructuring of the national economy on a war footing, creating a coordinated war economy during the war were extremely time-consuming process. It was carried out in a planned manner. The Soviet government 30 June 1941 adopted the "mobilization of the people's economic plan" for the third quarter of 1941, the foundations of which were developed before the war. However, due to the rapid advance of the enemy party government we had to develop a "military-economic plan for the fourth quarter of 1941 and for 1942 by area of the Volga region, the Urals, western Siberia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan", which was adopted by 16 August 1941 and He identified the main direction of industrial restructuring on a war footing. The plan was aimed at all-round expansion of military production to eliminate the enemy's advantage in the amount of military equipment.

The most important and decisive factor behind the successful restructuring of the economy on a war footing, was the party leadership of the national economy. The restructuring of the economy was the focus of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan's national economy has an enormous role. Before the people of the republic got a responsible and difficult task - to mobilize the rich resources in order to give the country and the front of all that has been able to give Kazakhstan for the defense of the Soviet Union.

At the end of June 1941 gathered V plenum of the CC CP (b) of Kazakhstan, which recorded its decisions: "The Plenum of the CC CP (B) of Kazakhstan strongly believes that in the terrible and decisive hour, when the whole Soviet people stood up for the great socialist Motherland from the fascist attacks of the barbarians, the party organizations of Kazakhstan, mindful of the fact that victory is achieved not only at the front, but also in the rear, even closed its ranks around the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) and Comrade Stalin, immeasurably higher than raise production and political Activity ensure early implementation of plans of all industrial enterprises ... and thus provide all the needs of the Red Army, Navy and Air Force to defeat the enemy ". [3]

It was given specific instructions to the party organizations of Kazakhstan about how to do to rebuild all the work on a war footing to lead patriotic enthusiasm of the working masses, to raise even higher the vanguard role of the Communists, to strengthen labor discipline in production, bolder and more involved in women's participation in all areas of work.

In response to this call up workers and Kostanai region. Everywhere there were mass demonstrations of workers. Thus, meetings were held at the factory in promarteli "May Day" at the plant "Dzhetygarazoloto" and others. Kostanaytsy stated that "will work each at his post, sparing no effort and time to their work to bring the defeat of the enemy, and if need be, and stand in the ranks of the defenders of the immediate beloved homeland ..." [4] and they kept their word honor .

July 27 Bureau of Kostanai regional party committee, which considered the issue "On measures to strengthen defense-mass work in the field." Setting forth the task of improving defense-mass work, which was to contribute to improving the production of enterprises, the issue of defense production capacity, strengthen the morale of the citizens. [4]

Regional, city committees, district committees of the party became a kind of headquarters rear. In the successfully completed restructuring of the national economy on a war footing. In the beginning of the war the newspaper "Pravda" noted that the restructuring of the industry on a war footing will require a lot of effort. "Industry - technical and material base of the front - wrote" The Truth. " - We can not now be "peaceful enterprise." Each plant, each plant must work to meet the military needs ". [5]

Thanks to the heroic efforts of the working class in the third quarter of 1941 industry of Kazakhstan produced goods by 25.8% more than in the second. [6]

According to the country 'industrial restructuring on a war footing was largely completed by the end of 1941, and the whole restructuring of the economy on a war footing took about a year "[7].

The strength and advantage of this organizational work especially evident in the transformation of industrial enterprises from the front line in the rear areas. The rate of evacuation were exceptionally high. During July-November 1941 it was evacuated to the East in 1523 industrial enterprises [8].

Kazakhstan was one of the main areas where it was decided to place the relocated businesses. Since the war began on October 6, 1942 Kazakhstan took 142 company. The people of Kazakhstan have done much to quickly take place to restore and float evacuated enterprises. The largest enterprises have been floated for the past 6-7 months. In early 1942 the vast majority of the recovered companies complied and exceeded the production program.

Several industrial enterprises were evacuated in Kostanai oblast: Leather and Shoes Combine from Simferopol, plant and synthetic staple fibers of Klin, Moscow Region, garment factory "Bolshevik" from Kherson.

The working people of the region have done a lot in order to quickly take, to rebuild and to float the company evacuated. Guided by the instructions on the quick start evacuated enterprises were approved schedules for equipment installation, start-up timing of individual departments, to resolve issues to ensure their labor, power, raw materials. Kostanai Oblast Council of People's Deputies at meetings claimed schedules and deadlines start evacuated enterprises. [8]. By the end of 1941 from Simferopol to Kostanay arrived piece of equipment leather factory named after Dzerzhinsky. The staff of the plant immediately began work on the quick start businesses. Garment factory "Bolshevik" was mainly prepared in October 1941 [9].

Evacuated enterprises located in Kostanai region, organically joined the region's economy, caused a qualitative change in its economy. Work on the relocation of the industry to the East and its rapid entry into force played a role in the destiny of our country. Heroic deeds of the people in the rear has created the material basis and prepared the conditions for a radical change in the Great Patriotic War.

Literature:

1. КОГА Ф.72,Оп. 10, Д.28, Л.19-20.

2.Костанайская область: страницы истории.1936-2006 гг.-Сборник документов-Костанай,2006,- С.365.; А.В. Шошенко. Борьба партии большевиков за укрепление тыла в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Алма-Ата, 1951, стр. 7.

3. Сталинский путь, 24 июня 1941 г.

4. Кустанай: вчера, сегодня, завтра. Алма-Ата, 1979, стр.131

5. Правда, 10 июля 1941 г.

6. История Казахской ССР. - Алма-Ата, 1959г, стр.81

7. Б. С. Тельпуховский. Великая Отечественная война Советского Союза 1941-1945 гг. М., 1959, стр.81.

8. История Великой Отечественной войны Советского Союза, т.2 стр.148.

9. КОГА Ф. 268, Оп.1, Д.345, Л.375