Ahmetova L. S.
Senior Lecturer, MA in History
Kostanay state university named after A. Baytursynov
Kazakhstan, Kostanay
THE LINGUISTION IN THE
REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN.4
Language activities of each country first of all
depends on prevailing communication
system, which implies a set of forms of existence (language styles) in their
territorial and social relationships, and administrative - political
education.E.J. Suleimanova -national researcher on this issue describes the
state of the language in our country and provides 4 main elements:
historical aspect: the organization of language in the
process of its development in terms natural function, its connection with
national and ethnic tradition;
- standardization: the existence of the language
grammatical and lexical rules;
-Vitality: it is important to have appropriate
collective, where this language is native;
- Homogeneity: clarification stages of development of
a particular language.
But in order to explore further current language
situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, is used typological features of
communication, which performs the function of communication. In connection with
it, there are :
-Official function: language use in politics and
public administration;
- Group function: language use within a particular
ethnic or socio-cultural groups;
- Educational function: use in the performance of
religious rites and submitting information;
- Technical function: the use of language to provide
accessing international technical projects;
- Literary function: language use in literature.
Research
of the language
situation in different countries show that its character influence
certain factors. They are both
objective and subjective. The
objective factors include - actually -linguistic factors: a) the linguistic composition of
the population living in certain parts of the continent.
Next to the objective
classified material and typological differences between languages, speaking and dialect. Next, cultural and historical: a) unity and distinction
of material and spiritual culture of the population, b) the presence or absence
of a local language literary tradition. Perhaps one of the main
factors - population: a) n umber of speakers;
b) compact residence diasporas; c) the level of fertility and mortality. In
addition there are geographic, economic, social and historical factors. All of
them - the constant companions
describing linguistic situation in countries.
To stabilize the linguistic situation we study the influence of subjective factors - a
sociological (awareness of the nation individually their own language), where
they created the basis of the language policy. The language situation in the
Republic of Kazakhstan is characterized as unbalanced. According to the
national census in 2009 [4], the Republic
of Kazakhstan inhabited by 125
nations and nationalities, the population was
16 004.8 thousand people (now the number is 17 million 244 thousand 400
people). [5] Among them are the most numerous ethnic groups are 7.The largest
share of the total population occupy Kazakh are 63.1% and Russian are 23.7%.
The share of other ethnic groups, accounting for 13.2% of the population.
Ethnic differentiation is most clearly reflected in
urban and rural areas. Distribution of the population by nationality they live
in urban and rural areas is characterized as follows: 47.9% of the Kazakh, 72.8% Russian, 74.6% Tatars, 55.8% Ukrainians,
50.1% Germans, 42.7% Uyghur, 83.8% Koreans, 27.8% Turkish, Azeri
48.8%, 52.8% Belarusians,
17.0% Dungan, 20.8% Kurds, Chechens 49.8%, 68.3%
Kyrgyz and 43.6% of other ethnic
groups from the country's population live in urban areas.
The rest of the members of these ethnic groups live in
rural areas. The population at the age of 15 and over who owns the Kazakh
language was 8 992 200 people (74.0%), including men - 4 320 200 person or
75.3% of the total number of men and
women 4672 , 0 thousand people or 72.8%
of the total number of women.
Statistics confirm that representatives of the
Kazakh-Russian bilingual noted the degree of the state language proficiency as
follows: to understand spoken language - 25.3%, easily read - 8.8% and -6.3%
clearly write . However, it should not lose sight of the fact that not all
representatives of nations and nationalities speak their native language and
the native language is the language of another nationality.
According to ED Suleimenova: "Modern geopolitical
and ideological processes have changed the very concept of statehood, including
ethno-national component part in public life and public-political structure is
associated with a splash and sustainable development of national
consciousness, a pronounced desire for the development of ethnic
languages and cultures.
An important factor that contributed to the success of
the new language policy changes was in Kazakh society, which is largely
influenced ethnic-linguistic. In the folding and change the language situation
of the Republic of Kazakhstan occupies an important place number Kazakh ethnic
group.
According to the census in 2009 the number of Kazakh
in Kazakhstan is 10,098.6 thousand people (63.1%). The analysis of the
population dynamics of the Kazakh shows that the share of the Kazakh population
in different historical periods was not stable, which affects the functioning
of the Kazakh language. Increase Kazakh speaking population in the Kazakh
language, contributed to the migration process.
As we know, the government of Kazakhstan has approved
a program of migration policy for 2001-2010, the quota for entry of ethnic
Kazakhs in 1999 - 500 persons, 2003 - 5 thousand, 2004 - 10 thousand, 2005 - 15
thousand, 2006 - 15 thousand.
Thus, the study of the language situation shows that
functioning languages in Kazakhstan's social and communicative space depends on
the specific factors, the study of which will contribute to the development of
measures for the development of the state language and other languages in the
Republic of Kazakhstan.
The
list of used literature :
1.Mechkovskaya N.B General Linguistics. Structural and
social typology of languages.
A manual for students of philological and linguistic
specialties. - 2 ed. - M . Flint; Science, 2001.
2. Dictionary of
sociolinguistic terms. - 2nd edition, enlarged and revised / EJ Suleimenova, NJ
Shaimerdenova, JS Smagulov DH Akanov.reductor ED Suleimenova. - Almaty: Kazakh
University, 2007. - 330 p.
3. The results of the
national census of Republic of Kazakhstan 2009. Analytical Report. - Astana,
2011.