Baimbetov Nurzhan Serikovich
PhD, Associate Professor
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty,
Kazakhstan
Law Faculty
Legal aspects of the development of the fuel and
energy complex in the context of energy efficiency and conservation in the
Republic of Kazakhstan
N.S. Baimbetov
Annotation: In this article, the author
writes about the problem of general description to the operating normative legal acts in a sphere
fuel - power complex in Republic of Kazakhstan, problems sent to the decision
related to energy efficiency and
energy-savings.The
realization oftargeted stateenergy conservation policy, ensure energysecurity of our country.
The essenceof this policyis toensurea stablepopulationand the
economywith energy, more efficient useof energy
resources. Energy savingtodayisa very topicaland
multifacetedproblem.Sinceenergyis oneof the mainsources of livelihoodof our
economy, needsa focused andintegrated approach tosolving
the problem ofenergy conservation andenergy efficiency.
Keywords: energy, energy efficiency, energy-savings, proceeded
in energy sources, energy consumptions.
Аннотация: В данной статье дается общая характеристика действующим нормативным
правовым актам в сфере топливно -
энергетического комплекса в Республике Казахстан, направленных на решение
проблем связанных с
энергоэффективностью и энергосбережением.Реализация целенаправленной государственной
энергосберегающей политики,
обеспечит энергетическую
безопасность нашей страны. Сущность данной политики заключается в устойчивом
обеспечении населения и экономики страны энергоносителями, повышению эффективности использования топливно-энергетических
ресурсов. Энергосбережение на сегодняшний день является, весьма актуальной и
многограннойпроблемой. Так как энергоресурсы являются одним из основных источников
жизнеобеспечения нашей
экономики, необходим целенаправленный и комплексный подход в решении проблемы
энергосбережения и энергоэфективности.
Ключевые слова: энергетика, энергоэффективность, энергосбережение, возобновляемые
источники энергии, энергозатраты.
Аннотация: Бұл мақалада авторҚазақстанРеспубликасының энергия үнемдеу және энергия
тиімділігін арттыру саласындағы нормативті
құқықтық актілердің жалпы сипаттамасын
келтіреді.«Энергия үнемдеу - 2020» бағдарламасы
өнеркәсіпете және ТКШ саласында энергия тиімділігі және
энергияны үнемдеу қағидаларын енгізуге
бағытталған. Сонымен қатар, бағдарлама жоспары
жергілікті атқарушы органдардың энергияны үнемдеу
бағдарламасын жүзеге асыруын,энергия үнемдеуді насихаттау,
энергия үнемдеу саласында кадрларды дайындау қарастырылады. Энергия
үнемдеу саласында нормативті құқықтық
актілер энергия тиімділігі және энергияны үнемдеу
қағидаларын енгізуге бағытталған. Энергия үнемдеу
мемлекеттің стратегиялық міндеттеріне жатады, сондықтан
барлық шаруашылық салаларда, және жалпы коғам ішінде
энергия тиімділігін арттыру қажет.
Түйін
сөздер:энергия, энергия
үнемдеу,энергия тиімділігін арттыру,жаңартылған энергия
көздері, энергошығын.
The problem of energy saving now covers all levels of
the economy, so the introduction of energy-saving ideas to the masses with the
legal, economic and environmental impacts, challenges the theoretical and
practical values by increasing the volume of scientific information, in-depth
analysis of it in order to find the optimal solution.
In various sectors of the economy indicator of energy
efficiency can serve many indicators, as follows:
1) in the industrial sector:
·
reduction in energy
consumption per unitmanufactured products;
2) in the sector of housing and communal services:
·
reduction of heat
consumption per square meter of heatedhousing;
·
reduction in fuel
consumption on the generating plants (gas, fuel oil,coal and so on.);
·
reduction in energy
consumption per person;
·
reduction of losses in
electricity, heating systems;
3) in the transport sector:
·
reduction in fuel
consumption of passenger transport(air transport, rail transport, urban and
intercity passenger transport vehicles) on the relation of man to the
kilometer, and personalvehicles on the ratio of fuel consumption per
kilometer[1, p.27]
Given that global energy consumption is growing, we
believe that it is necessary to consider in more detail the role and prospects
of energy saving in solving this problem. Today in our country, one of the
solutions to the energy crisis is the implementation and use of alternative
energy sources. According to experts, 70% of the energy came to the plant; the
remaining 30% of the population spends, whereas in Europe the proportion of
energy consumed by the industry is 40%. However, it is necessary to take into
account the trend of energy consumption growth with the growth of the economy.
Despite the fact that the Republic of Kazakhstan
belongs to the group of states that have strategic reserves of hydrocarbons and
energy consumption in Kazakhstan - the highest in the world, the question
remains of energy saving and energy efficiency. In order to solve these
problems has been developed - the "Energy Savings - 2020", where one
of the main priorities is the modernization and energy efficiency industry in
the country and a large-scale promotion of energy saving among the population.
In general, it should be noted that the policy of
state regulation and stimulation of energy saving and energy efficiency in
Kazakhstan is aimed at achieving the following objectives:
1) The establishment of the regulatory framework;
2) Approval of the regional and sect plans for energy
conservation;
3) the formation and maintenance of the State register
of energy;
4) implementation of the technical regulation;
5) training and promotion of energy conservation;
6) the development of international cooperation;
7) business participation in energy conservation
policy. [1, p.27]
Also, in the context of solving the problem of energy
saving, special attention should be paid to the development of projects on
renewable energy.
Upon reaching the mass production of
renewable energy at affordable prices will have the following beneficial
effects:
1) stable sales at affordable and stable prices,
2) a positive effect on social and economic
development of the country,
3) the generation of stable income,
4) the creation of new jobs and industries,
5) preservation of a clean environment,
6) preservation of non-renewable sources of energy for the needs of
future generations. [2, p.1]
Huge hydrocarbon reserves have helped to build the Republic of energy
policy as a basis for overcoming the crisis and economic reform. This industry
has evolved from a centralized to a market and the state, which increased its
attractiveness for investment and contributed to the elimination of
Kazakhstan's hydrocarbon reserves in the leaders not only among the CIS
countries, but also among the largest oil-producing countries such as Norway,
Mexico and Venezuela. In the country are almost all major companies of the
global hydrocarbon business. [3, p. 1]
To create conditions in order to reduce the energy
intensity of GDP of the Republic of Kazakhstan and energy efficiency in the
"Energy Savings - 2020", announced the following tasks:
1. Modernization and energy efficiency
industrycountry;
2. Reduction of losses in the electricity and heating
systems;
3. Large-scale promotion of energy saving among the
population;
4. Develop and implement mechanisms that encourage
energy conservation and energy efficiency;
5. Formation of mechanisms to stimulate activityenergy
service companies;
6. Training in the field of energy saving andenergy
efficiency;
7. Reduction of fuel consumption in the transport
sector.
The recent trend to increase in our country renewable
energy sources (RES), involves the development of a new regulatory framework in
the field of renewable energy sources, since the implementation of these
projects require significant investments to attract which is necessary to
develop new financial - legal arrangements, taking into account the pace of the
economy in our country.
Development of renewable energy, which is one of the
significant potential of the green economy, requires the development and
application of innovative technologies relevant today's competitive
environment, because along with the benefits of the introduction of renewable
energy, there are the following problems that require timely and effective
resolution:
• Underdeveloped infrastructure power lines;
• Inadequate attention in terms of technological and
design experience, associated with a lack of professional staff in the field;
• Regulatory and legal risks associated with the
operation and maintenance in conditions of extreme continental climate;
• Insurance risks associated with providing guarantees
preservation of capital and intellectual property rights;
• Economic risks associated with entering new markets;
• Environmental risks associated with climatic
conditions.
Noting the importance PAIID Kazakhstan initiated by
President N.A. Nazarbayev, it should be noted that Kazakhstan was headed for
the industrialization of the country aimed at sustainable and economic
development associated with such areas as industry, renewable energy and
innovative technologies.
As predicted the government of Kazakhstan, the
successful implementation of the legislative measures will significantly reduce
the energy intensity of GDP - by 10% by 2015, so in order to fulfill the orders
of the President on the annual energy reduction of 10% is required to pass to
the script forced to reduce energy consumption with the implementation of
additional measures to accelerate the achievement of result of energy
efficiency of the economy [1, p.29].
In summary, it should be noted that the development and implementation
of programs aimed at energy conservation and efficiency, contributes to the
development of electric and thermal energy from clean and inexhaustible source
of free energy, including renewable energy technologies. So one of the
important tasks PAIID Kazakhstan and the development of its "green
economy" is not a raw increase the export potential of Kazakhstan [4, p.10].
References
1. The program "Energy saving - 2020», №904 from: 04.09.2013.
http://lighting.eep.kz/upload/law3.pdf
2. www.strategy2050.kz. kz/page/2014/
3. Energy potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its export
opportunities. Kenchinbaev RR / Bulletin of the KNU №1 / 2011.
4. State program for accelerated industrial and innovative development
of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014.http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U100000958