Ecology/2. Ecological and meteorological problems of greater cities and industrial zones.

Yessirkepova M.M., Yessirkepova A.M., Tulebaeva A.М.

The South-Kazakhstan state university after named M.Auezov

RECYCLING OF THE WORN OUT TYRES

Use of secondary raw material in various industries has great value for development of a national economy. It is a source of rather cheap additional resources, a reserve of economy of social activities, materials and energy, capital investments, vehicles. At the same time gathering of waste prevents environmental contamination, the sanitary condition of cities and settlements as a result improves [1].

The waste of consumption representing products and materials, the lost consumer properties as a result of physical or obsolescence.

One of such products is automobile tyres. Their manufacture is connected with use of some valuable components in a raw mix and first of all rubber on which share it is necessary over 51 % of expenses by manufacture of unit of a product. The new lorry on valuable parities existing at present has the complete set of tyres on which cost 30 % of its full cost are necessary, and for some marks of lorries - up to 40 %. For operational service life the car wears out some complete sets of tyres. Therefore each tyre should be used as it is possible longer and more effectively.

Pneumatic tyres, as well as the majority of other rubber products, fail owing to constructive destructions: mechanical deterioration, stratification and break of details. The worn out tyres for prolongation of service are exposed to regenerative repair and are repeatedly used on mobile motor transport [2]. Pneumatic tyres, which regenerative repair it is inefficient also which are unsuitable to use, and also the restored tyres which have left operation are a subject to delivery in breakage and to further secondary use the tyre processing industry for manufacture of regenerate and a rubber crumb.

Regenerate and a rubber crumb - the basic product of processing of the worn out tyres are used also on various building materials and products. Use 1 t regenerate in a rubber industry allows saving nearby 0,5 t rubber. At complex use 1 million t the worn out tyre covers, conveyer tapes and others rubber technical articles it is possible to receive for a reuse 700-750 thousand 5 t rubbers, 130-150 thousand t chemical fibres, 30-40 thousand t steel and to liberate for other needs corresponding quantities of primary raw material [2]. At the decision of questions of increase in a level of use in a national economy of secondary material resources their classification considering sources of formation can have important value.

In these purposes in work classification of secondary material resources on sources of their formation in tyre industries of Kazakhstan Republic (KR) is resulted (figure 1). Probably, the resulted classification will promote revealing of material resources (the worn out tyres) and their involving in sphere of production of goods of KR in the fullest volume of their formation.

The technology of processing of the worn out tyres existing now is based on their full crushing and reception of a rubber crumb which is raw material for manufacturing of regenerate and can be used as a component in rubber technical articles, bitumen mastics, and also in road construction [3].

Offered by scientists [3] resource saving up and ecologically safe technology of recycling of the worn out tyres is based on a principle of minimization energy- and expenditures of labor, replacement of full, irrational crushing of tyres by their effective processes of unevenion - removals of an external rubber layer, extraction of onboard rings and the subsequent cutting of tyres on flat preparations for practically 100 %-s' uses in various rubber technical articles as reinforcing elements (for example, road plates, a technical plate, etc.).

Figure 1. Classification of secondary rubber on sources of formation

On the basis of the offered equipment it is possible to form various combinations of schemes of processing in view of raw material and needs of the market for concrete conditions. Tyres can be divided on universal machine tools on protector part and sides. From sides pull out onboard rings. Uneven protector part and sides cut by machines with disk knifes for metallic cord on pieces of the certain sizes for further use as reinforcing elements of designs in road plates, crossings, a technical plate, massive supports for portable obstacles, traffic signs, etc. Removal of an external rubber layer from side part and a protector of the tyre on uneven shaft machine tools allow receiving at the minimal power inputs valuable raw material - the crushed rubber and uneven fragments of tyre skeletons. Uneven rubber crumb, and also a crumb from sides can be used for reception of regenerate or to subject to crushing in Е-501 crushers or Е-511 rubber mixers (manufacture of Open Company "ЭЛКОНТ", Yaroslavl) on powder technology with its simultaneous crushing and mixture with a rubber mix. The given technology allows receiving homogeneous cheap rubber mixes with greater (up to 80 %) filling by a rubber crumb from which it is possible to make various rubber technical articles with good physic-mechanical parameters [3].

It is necessary to note [3], that power inputs on updating of a rubber crumb and its mixture with rubber mixes on powder technology in Е-511 rubber mixers in 2,0-2,5 times below, than at usual mixture in rubber mixers or on rollers. And cost Е-511 rubber mixers approximately three times below, than cost closed rubber mixers with volume of the chamber 71-90 l.

Serious air pollution by cadmium occurs at burning motor-car tyre covers and plastic container. In an organism of the person cadmium gets mainly with atmospheric air and with food stuffs. Long influence of cadmium on the person causes diseases of kidneys and lungs [1].

Thus, use of automobile tyres in Kazakhstan Republic as the secondary raw material is expedient from the point of view of economy of wildlife management.

The Literature:

1. Дуденков С.В. Экономика, организация и планирование заготовки и переработки вторичного сырья. М.:Экономика. 1990.- С.240

2. Байкуатова К. Ш. Вторичное сырье - эффективный резерв материальных ресурсов. Алма-Ата: Казахстан, 1982.- С.152

3. Шалыганов Э. Ф., Анисимов П.Б., Борисов Е.М., Борисов И.Е., Язев В.А. Ресурсосберегающая и экологически безопасная технологии утилизации изношенныз шин. Каучук и резина. 2005. № 1, С.16-18