Zhatkanbayeva
Elmira - Doctor PhD
Ursarova
Ainura - Master
Kuldurbayeva
Moldir - Master
Logistics
bases to improve the system of operational management interfaces between
different modes of transport
The article deals with the principles of logistics management approach
moving vehicles, cargo and information flow in a singletransport system.
Improving freight transportation
spending system that fully meet the needs of users of transport services in the
transport, and meets the requirements in terms of safety and environmental
protection is a strategic objective of the development of transport at the
present stage, to fulfill this goal to be realized the problem of formation of
transport services on the basis of competition and cooperation all transport
enterprises of different ownership forms, the creation of legal and regulatory
framework for transport development, modernization of transport and the
introduction of high-efficiency vehicle technologies on mutually beneficial
integration of the transport complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the
global transportation system..
Because of the above problems are solved in market
conditions, their implementation must be based on new principles of management
of transport:
- Consideration of
the state of transport as a priority economic infrastructure;
- The real conditions
and legal guarantees and economic independence for the development and
operation of an integrated transport system in enterprises of all forms of
ownership;
- State economic
regulation of transportation industries and
enterprises;
- Delegation of powers to regional
governments.
The liberalization of
commerce industry and transport companies in the current environment,
widespread corporatisation of transport facilities and equipment, the
termination of a centralized system of payments for freight transportation by
all modes of transport have resulted in increased competition in the transport
market. First of all, here there are new actors - freight forwarders and cargo
owners who are not their senders or recipients. The process of the transfer
function of the transport of third parties, whose efforts are more focused on
learning the specifics of production, marketing, transportation, and
information processes. Effective development of transport in these conditions
requires new management techniques, based on the logistic approach.
Organization of
multimodal transport systems in implies that the effects of different modes of
transport in order to ensure competitiveness, as one segment of transport
services must be coordinated.
Previously divided
into mixed traffic lines (a single shipping document) and indirect, to the
point where transportation side, took the goods, issued a new set of shipping
documents. With the transition to market relations, direct multimodal transport
practically ceased to exist due to the incorporation of transport companies,
the emergence of trans-shipment forwarding companies, currently playing the
role of senders and recipients. Currently, the organization of cargo delivery
in mixed messages to the point of destination of the goods, in addition to
contracts for the carriage, you need to have a contract with companies engaged
in the transfer of goods to another mode of transport.
Situation forecast
for the next decade suggests the internationalization of trade and transport
markets, the deepening division of labor, establishing the smooth progress of
cargo and information flow. This places high demands on reliability, quality
and power, not only industrial, transportation, but also the relevant
information systems, representing a total logistics system. For a stable
position in the international markets the transport system of the CIS and the
Baltic States in the foreseeable future should be fully integrated into the
international network of electronic data interchange.
The quality of
supply chains with different modes of transport is largely dependent on the
activity of the items on their interaction (joint logistics), an important
function of which is to ensure the transfer of cargo from one transport system
to another. Handling of goods is an essential link in the logistics chain. Intercontinental logistics joints (water), and the
inland (rail and road) transport modes are sea and river ports, perform the functions
of the different transport interfaces and their respective information systems.
An important role
in improving the quality of transport service can play a highly efficient
system of traffic control, monitoring traffic and freight units and inform customers
with the offer of integrated logistics services provided in cooperation with
freight forwarders and other transport companies, including foreign ones, with
an increase of transported cargo and a flexible tariff policy, in close
cooperation with other modes of transport, banks, customs, tax authorities and
other stakeholders, logistics systems.
Improving the
quality of transport service provides better information on the client's stage
of choosing the route through the territory of the country, and beyond, the
availability of complete information about the transportation process, the
improvement of the transport process (the varying modes of delivery depending
on the requirements of customers), the provision of additional services such as
the estimated time of arrival, the location of vehicles and cargo units at a
given time or incidents during their journey. Such information is essential for
the client to use to transport freight is inseparable component (part of) the
supply chain as a production-technological and commercial perspective.
The combination of
flow management of electronic information flows from physical objects can
significantly improve the quality of transport services, to reduce the loss of
time searching for outgoing shipments. And, according to experts, only a single
information system will provide equal opportunities for shippers throughout the
road network will control the performance requirements of customers, provide
tracking of the movement of goods, promptly inform the approach to ports or
other places of transshipment destination station. And, of course, it is
important that it alone will make operational records of income and their
distribution between the roads involved in the transportation. In addition, the
establishment of the Centre for Corporate Transport Service provides for close
cooperation with similar centers of sea and river fleet, aviation..
The need to provide
customers with timely information about the location and status of goods on
Russian and foreign roads, as well as the transport of goods in mixed traffic
requires the interaction of heterogeneous IT environments, centralized control
of freight traffic on all modes of transport, as well as the Department of
Transport and forwarding firms Factory Floor.
The desire to
create a single market, increasing demand for goods at the right time for the
customer make the subjects of the transport market to expand the electronic
interchange of data corresponding to the requirements of the standard DIFACT, -
electronic exchange of information for administration, commerce and transport.
By the way, for the first time abroad have applied it to the airlines, which
then joined the ports, stevedoring companies, ship owners, shippers and only
then - railways.
A systematic and
comprehensive use of modern technologies for processing and transmission of
information should cover all operation of a single transport system, for
further information and computerization of the transport conveyor should be
used whenever possible the experience of solving individual problems and the
creation of separate subsystems of industrial process control, rail, river and
sea transport. Functioning is currently ACS, such as ÀSUSS, ÀSUGS, ÀSUÊP, ÀSÎUP, ÅÊIÎDÂ, ÀIS EDÂ, ÀSU «Container», DISPARK,
ADTSU, ARM ÄSTS, ÒÂÊ, ÒåchPD, ÀSÓ «Port», ÀSÓ «Steamship», ÀSÓ «Dispatcher», ÀSÓ «Dispatcher-flot »,
ÀSÓ « Dispatcher -load» and others should be combined
into a single network.
For all these
reasons , it is possible to formulate the principles of logistics management concept
in international freight traffic combined direct message. It is the integration
of information technology used on various modes of transport , as well as
agents from other levels of the transport market , synchronized movement in the
logistic chain of transport , goods and information flows , completeness and
timeliness of information , mutual coordination of regulatory and reference
information used in various vehicles , clientele , banks, customs and tax
authorities , timeliness in mutual payments between entities. In addition, this
also includes the standardization of information inter-machine communications ,
coordination of a common strategy with the strategies in selected industries ,
based on the iterative nature of the logistics processes , the smooth flow of
information throughout the supply chain in the exchange between the market of
transport services and their interaction with banks , customs and tax
authorities and other stakeholders, logistics systems. On each subject at all
levels of the transport market , you must have a database of dynamic arrays ,
passports , containing a full description.
Logistical approach
to the management of the movement of vehicles, goods and information flows
should be in line with marketing strategy, focused not only on the internal
indicators of transportation work performed, but also on the external
commercial efficiency of the transport of products. This suggests that one of
the basic concepts, the Informatization rail: interaction with external
automated systems at all levels of government (with neighboring railways and
other modes of transport, banks, customs, etc.) based on the electronic
exchange of documents and messages.
All information
technology systems should be composed of a significant intellectual component
provided by expert systems and knowledge bases. In addition, at each level of management should have its own
information model, implemented in the form of a dynamic database and reference
data, and reflects the situation in the management of transportation facilities
with details of the relevant level.
The results of the
establishment of logistics freight management systems in mixed traffic ,
including computer integration of subjects at all levels of the market for
transport services and other organizations that provides legal and legal and
financial cooperation in the provision of transport services clientele , will
be to optimize the time spent vehicles and cargo units in transit by selecting
the best route and time of delivery as well as the more rapid passage of border
stations and transfer points to other modes of transport. In addition , you get
savings from the transfer of information through the integration and
standardization of databases and synergies in the development of automated customer
base , carriers, banks and other organizations , reducing the amount of
compensation paid to customers for non- delivery times , improving mutual
settlements between market vehicles services and logistics systems , increased
demand for services and , as a consequence, reduce traffic and prevent the
development of new volumes .
Integration and
business partnership cargo owners, forwarders and carriers of different modes
of transport, the electronic exchange of information, the use of process
control and rationalization of mathematical models built using modern tools to
ensure the efficiency of freight transport in the direct and mixed messages
with various modes of transport.
References:
1.
Òóëåìáàåâà À.Í.
Ëîãèñòèêà Àëìàòû: Êàçàê Óíèâåðñèòåòi, 2012 -286c
2.
Ñèäîðîâà Å.Í.
Àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííûå ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ â ýêñïëóàòàöèîííîé ðàáîòå ÒÎÎ Ìàðøðóò Ì.:
2012
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Æàңáûðîâ
Æ.Ғ.Àâòîêөë³ê ëîãèñòèêàñû. Àëìàòû, Íұð-Ïðèíò 2008.- 220c