ФИЛОСОФИЯ. Философия науки

Rakhmatullin R.Yu.

Doctor of Philosophy, professor

Bashkir State Agrarian University, Russia

The place of images in science

What is an image? Some believe that is any form of psychic expression information. For example, VI Lenin believed any way feeling [1, c. 106]. But then the smell of bread should be regarded as the image of bread. A headache considered the image of hypertension!

We believe that the image must have a structural conformity with the original. That is, between the original image and the property to be isomorphism. This is the first conclusion.

There is another problem. For example, the difference between the image of the chart or other graphic? Is, for example, the graph of y = f (x) is the image of the process? Sketch, drawing, photography - they are images, or not? We think that they are not images. In our view, the image is a mental phenomenon. As mentioned phenomena have an objective existence (they material), they can not be called images.

The third problem relates to the distinction between image and model. We already wrote that the image is a psychic phenomenon. Since the model is mainly represent tangible products, they can not be called images. But it's not only that. Образ объекта переживается нами как реально существующий феномен. The image of the object is experienced by us as a real-life phenomenon. For example, in human perception in our psyche there is his image that we unconsciously perceived as the man himself. But if we show the human model, for example, in the form of the plaster cast, we are aware that this is not a man but made by someone model. Property image experienced as the object itself in the modern philosophy and psychology, it is called intentionality. This property does not have a model.

The fourth problem is related to the solution of the question of the number of modalities of the image. The fact that there is a belief that the only way the visual presentation should be called. We believe that it is not so. Linking an image with only any one modality (visual, auditory, tactile, etc.), I think, is a mistake, because he polymodal. The image of a pine forest, may include not only visual experience but also sound (noise pines caused by the wind), and olfactory (smell of pine needles).

Based on the foregoing, we propose the following definition of the image: The image is the collection of sensory signals that are isomorphic to the content of the original object and the subjectively experienced as the object itself.

Now clearly that the role of images is increasing in today's culture that they come from the "exile"? Following R. Holt, we believe that this is due to production needs [2]. In the twentieth century, science has largely developed through mathematization, Shih extensive applications of logical and symbolic means. However, this has led to on-ryvu theoretical science of practice. Practical orientation has always been inherent in science. It seems that science itself emerged to help a person to solve practical problems. The whole history of chemistry shows to get the necessary materials that she needed a man: glass, gunpowder, medicines, etc. Modern science has created a world of artificial things - of a broiler chicken to a space rocket. All of this "second nature" consists of items, evolved from a theoretical concept to its figurative embodiment, and from him – to the specific subject. In today's society there is a large army of the so-called-Vai "technologists" (designers, design engineers, architects, designers, etc.) engaged in the transformation of abstract logic in graphic-specific knowledge. As Holt wrote a series of "practical tasks facing engineering psychology and other branches of our science ˂ ... ˃ force us to turn to images of scrutiny" [2, p. 259]. Sozdavaemy 'technology' images are an essential intermediary between theory and practice. Such images are a synthesis of rational and sensual and perform the necessary components of visual thinking.

Connected to the image and understanding of the problem of scientific knowledge. We believe that the scientific picture of the world, which consists of a specific image, and arises from the need to express my theoretical knowledge into understandable language [3].

Another important function of images is that they have the property synthesis knowledge. Synthesis is not a logical generalization. In psychology, a lot of work, in which is stated that there is a generalization and sensory level of cognition (J.. Bruner, Luria, U. Neisser et al.). Generalization shaped in the form of different logical generalization in that it is in the form of synthesis. In this case, the possible connection to one logical integrity unjoinable: different colors, the smell, the outer form. In addition, the image ontologize except sensory modalities present the idea: for example, the image of the solar system is not only a sensitive material, but also the idea of the differences star (the Sun) from the planets, Earth's place in the solar system, etc.

Image participates in the creative process. And not only in art but also in science. In our view, this is possible thanks to the fact that the images are images created by man's imagination. Mythological, religious, artistic images, representations that are generated by scientific knowledge, occur during connection to the idea of sensual-practical experience of a person. These images are created in the creative process, becoming an essential component of human culture. The heuristic aspect gnosiological status imaging is that it is a form of reflection higher than not only perception, but also verbal thinking.

References

1. Lenin V.I. Collected Works. 5th edition. Volume 18.

2. Holt R. R. Imagery: the Return of the Ostracized // American Psychologist. 1964. Vol. 19.

3. Рахматуллин Р. Ю. Научная картина мира как особая форма организации знания // Исторические, философские, политические и юридические науки, культурология и искусствоведение. Вопросы теории и практики. 2013. № 12-2 (38).