Ponomarenko O.G. Senior Lecturer,
Department of English for technical and
agrobiological specialties
Ovchar Roman, first-year
student
Faculty of Construction and Design
National University of Life and
Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
NEW TYPES OF
WELDING AND CUTTING
In this article, I will tell about two new types
of welding and cutting of metals that in the near future will be widely spread
in machine building and other industries. This cutting of metals by laser
welding and metals using hydrogen. I believe these two types of welding and
cutting of metals are more advanced, and I believe that with their help we can
significantly simplify and reduce the cost of mass production and manufacture
non-standard parts.
Coherent beam
instead of a saw. One of the major processes of obtaining the blanks in the
machinery is metal cutting. For this purpose, widely used variety of its
methods. Traditionally used mechanical methods – cutting jigsaw blades, band
saws, milling cutters. To do this, the production also used machines general
and special purpose for cutting of sheet, profile and other work pieces of
various metals and alloys. When cheap traditional ways have generic problems
that cannot be solved technologically. Among the drawbacks, the old way of
cutting is low efficiency, small resistance of cutting tools, as well as the
difficulty and sometimes the impossibility rate figure cutting round curves and
contours. In finding solutions to those
problems in engineering come, other ways of separating materials based on
electrochemical, electrophysical and physical-mechanical effects. Among them,
high-speed gas and plasma cutting, plasma cutting penetrating arc. But this
ways with high performance, have low accuracy, and too large a thermal effect
on the metal, which leads to deterioration of the quality of the metal, require
additional purification methods, etc. another type of cutting is used
incredibly accurate, allowing you to produce parts of any geometry EDM cutting.
However, this method has extremely low productivity, high technological
complexity. Laser cutting is devoid of many of the above problems. Laser
radiation, providing a high concentration of energy allows sharing practically
any metals and alloys irrespective of their thermophysical properties. It is
possible to obtain narrow cuts with minimal heat affected zone. Laser cutting
does not require mechanical action on the processed metal, and the resulting
deformation, as time in the cutting process, and the residue, after complete
cooling, is negligible. This allows laser cutting with a high degree of
accuracy. Due to the large power density, laser radiation is provided by high
performance, combined with high surface quality of the cut.
The main advantage
of laser cutting is its automation and computerization, the ability to move
from one type of parts of any geometric complexity to another type without
appreciable time. To start production of a new product, you do not need
manufacture special tools for setting up line, which significantly reduces the
cost of investment and production costs.
Mastering a new
type of detail takes more time than drafting the drawing and enter it into the
computer that controls the laser. The quality of the products allows you to
perform welding butt joint without displacement of the cut edges and
pre-processing of the connected parties. Laser cut unlike round versatile tool
lets you perform sharp corners, transitions without radii, thin bridges
(thickness below 1-2 mm), and holes of any diameter. In robotic systems, the
laser beam allows to produce three-dimensional cutting with the use of
high-tech fiber-optic systems. The use of laser is particularly advantageous in
those cases when you want to manufacture complex parts in small series and
large items. Moreover, in modern engineering, even yesterday was considered a unique
order is becoming more common. Therefore, lasers are used for the manufacture
and testing of prototypes equipment: buildings vehicles, weapons, unmanned
aerial vehicles, spacecraft parts, and more.
Welding out of the
water. Today it is a promising technique
for the welding and cutting of metals of different strength. As a fuel, this
machine uses hydrogen produced from water. Welding machine uses electricity to
transpeciate water into oxygen and hydrogen, which is needed to perform
welding. During combustion these elements emits water and a significant amount
of heat. This type of welding is the most environmentally friendly of all known
early.
Hydrogen welding
can be classified as harmless technology, as the entire combustion process was
based on a single element – water vapor. During operation the temperature of
the burner may be increased to 2600°C, which means that this technology will
allow to carry out any welding, soldering or will help to cut various kinds of
ferrous metals. Since the hydrogen flame has several advantages over acetylene,
it is used more for cutting and sealing of metal products. Because during the
combustion water vapor is released, this type of welding is considered the
safest. When hydrogen used in the welding as a fuel cell, the metal coating may
be a layer of slag of a large thickness. Executed when this weld will have a
thin thickness and friability. To avoid this, use mainly organic compounds,
which, on the contrary, bind oxygen. It is better to use various hydrocarbons (benzene,
toluene, etc.) and heat them to the temperature of 80% of the boiling point.
When welding you will need a minimum amount of hydrocarbons for a maximum
result, so it is much cheaper than the other gas-flame processing.
The procedure of
welding has the greatest efficiency and has great advantages in welding, where
the main element is a compound of oxygen with acetylene. Neither hydrogen
welding in our time, not received enough popularity from the small amount of
fuel for welding, and high cost of the apparatus. The design of the device has
quite a lot of valuable metals, alloys and expensive substances.
I believe that in
the future more and more technologies using hydrogen will be implemented. It
can use in many areas of life. Hydrogen I think is one of the most
environmentally friendly substances and can replace many kind of fuel, such as
diesel fuel, gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, rocket fuel.
References
http://www.umpro.ru/index.php?page_id=17&art_id_1=114&group_id_4=44
http://expertsvarki.ru/tehnologii/svarka-vodorodnaya.html
http://dom-dacha-svoimi-rukami.ru/elektrichestvo/vodorodnaja-svarka.html
http://www.photoukraine.com/russian/articles?id=103