Безземельная О.А., Вараксина Е.Д.

Уфимский юридический институт МВД России, Россия

Youth crime

Due to the socio-economic crisis, the standard of living has fallen markedly in the Russian population, worsened working conditions and employment, decreased social guarantees. All this has a negative impact on young people, their vocational training and employment, physical training and spiritual development. Along with common problems, especially clearly delineated sharp and characteristic for youth problems: reducing the possibility for a free vocational training, employment and the complexity of their first job, higher unemployment, reduced opportunities for starting a family, motherhood, full of cultural development. As a result of these and other problems has been the growth of dangerous social vices among the youth: crime, drugs, prostitution, as well as a decline in the prestige of honest productive labor. The situation of young people is exacerbated by its poor organization.

Youth - a socio-demographic group, allocated on the basis of the aggregate of age characteristics, features and social status due to their socio-psychological characteristics. Age Youth border - from 14 to 30 years inclusive. It is the age of youth basic social and demographic developments in the human life cycle, including general and vocational education, starting work, marriage and birth of children.

Today, in the Republic of Bashkortostan there are more than 1 million young people aged between 14 and 30 years inclusive (26% of the total population of the republic). As in times of crisis it is the young people most vulnerable to the collapse of ideals, the deformation values and world view, it could lead to the loss of moral and spiritual health of the representatives of the youth environment. The destruction of the traditional forms of socialization, on the one hand, increased personal responsibility of young people for their own destiny, putting them to choose their way of life on the other - found most of them to be included in new social relations. At this stage of development of society requires greater attention to the social problems of young people, the definition means, forms and methods of work with the younger generation in the medium and long term [1].

It is difficult to define clearly the scope of the criminal youth, since many young people are not being offenders have already passed "the threshold of criminality" in their thinking and behavior. The social well-being of youth prevails heightened sense of danger and at the same time a state of indifference to the crime. Youth is largely defenseless against the criminal action. Therefore, one of the young people, "immersed" in the world of criminal relations, and the other - trying to isolate themselves from the world.

The most common types of offenses for young people (in%) [3]:

Fight - 66%; Hooliganism - 50%; Theft - 45%; Extortion of money - 35%; Robbery - 15%; Fraud - 14%; The attack on the girl with the purpose of violence - 13%; Murder - 8%; Blackmail for profit - 7%; Other offenses - 3%.

In the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is one of the fastest growing regions of the Russian Federation, the youth paid attention. The state youth policy in the region is based on the RB Law "On Youth The policy in the Republic of Bashkortostan" (adopted in 1991, the first in the Russian Federation), "Support for the activities of children, teenagers, youth clubs and centers", "On state support of young families Bashkortostan republic "and other regulatory legal acts.

Russian State Youth Policy Strategy provides as the main objectives of the development and realization of the potential of youth in the public interest. A qualitatively new stage in the development of the youth movement in the Republic of Bashkortostan due to implementation of the concept of development of spiritually - moral culture and civil activity in children, adolescents and youth, "Youth - a strategic resource of the Republic of Bashkortostan" on 2006 - 2015 years, which was approved by the Decree of the President of Bashkortostan Republic on September 26, 2006 number UP-415. At the level of municipalities and municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan adopted appropriate policy documents. In this connection, special importance attaches to the study of quantitative and qualitative parameters of the population of the youth sector, revealing the dynamics of the social development of young people. In the framework of the presidential program "Youth of Bashkortostan" on 2007 - 2010 years, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Bashkortostan on December 30, 2006 N UP-658, have been taken in the three priority directions of the state youth policy: youth involvement in social practices and informing young people's potential development opportunities; stimulate creative activity of youth; integration into society of young people who find themselves in difficult situations. The implementation of the state program "Development of youth policy in the Republic of Bashkortostan" aimed at creating conditions for the intellectual and physical development, formation of civic, moral stability, social activity, independence and economic self-sufficiency of the young generation of the Republic of Bashkortostan as a strategic resource of socio - economic development of the region and civil society, as well as to ensure the development of children and youth organizations of the republic, the activity of which contributes to the formation of spiritually - moral culture and civil activity in children, adolescents and young adults.

State program aims to consolidate the efforts of agencies and organizations working in the field of youth policy in the formation of conditions for youth self-realization and self-organization, and includes content-ideological. scientific and methodical, personnel, organizational and administrative, resource and information support.

In order to prevent delinquency and crime carried out a set of measures among minors and young people, aimed at ensuring organizational leisure of children and adolescents, training of personnel working in institutions where they live.

The specialists of the bodies and institutions of youth policy of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, together with representatives of the departments of internal affairs, education, health care, children's and youth associations to conduct raids in places where teenagers and young people, talks on the theme: "My safety", "I'm in society", "What should we be?" and so forth, covering more than 20 thousands of youngsters. Distribution of youth extremism is one of the most acute problems of the contemporary world. In this connection it is necessary to create an effective system of prevention of extremism in the youth environment. In the Republic of Bashkortostan authorities and organizations of youth policy carried out systematic work aimed at preventing suicides in teenager youth, the formation of psychological stability of adolescents and young people in stressful and difficult situations. Establishment of youth policy in the community, dealing with the organization of substantial leisure and educational work with children, adolescents, young people have an important role in the socialization of minors, prevention of deviant manifestations among adolescents, shaping fashion for a healthy lifestyle. At the beginning of 2014 operated 221 youth club in the region (in 2012 - 226), Youth Center, Youth Palace, where 943 groups and sections on a permanent basis engaged 35,400 persons (in 2012, 44,000 people), including 12066 adolescents okzavshihsya in difficult situations. According to the certification in 2013 in charge of enforcement of the youth policy of the Republic of Bashkortostan worked 42 municipal social - psychological center (service) and 1 republican center - state autonomous institution Republican center of social - psychological assistance to families, children, young people, having 4 branches, which experts working in 12 municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The 29 social - psychological services are consulted by phone [2].

In order to conduct educational work, 02.25.2016 years before BSU students made Vohmantsev Pavel - Major, head of the department of educational work with the suspects, defendants and convicts jail PKU-3 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Republic of Bashkortostan, a report: "Problems youth crime. "

Pavel brought current statistics showing that the criminalization processes among young people occur quite rapidly, engaging in crime more and more young Russian citizens.

Currently, young people are one of the most affected by the criminal groups. Crime among young people, as a consequence of not responding to the public and law enforcement bodies at their infringing conduct. The criminalization of youth environment, against a background of such negative and potentially dangerous for the Russian phenomena as drug addiction and substance abuse, acquiring epidemic.

Therefore, the current situation in the Russian Federation, and in some regions of the country, in general, requires the government, education institutions and law enforcement agencies - adequate response in the fight against youth crime.

Thus, we can identify several priority areas:

- The tightening of the criminal prosecution of adults involving children, adolescents and young people in the criminal relationships, morally and physically corrupting them through alcohol, drugs and toxic substances;

- The adoption of special measures for employment and socio-professional adaptation of young people and adolescents who have served their sentences in places of deprivation of liberty;

- Preservation and development of a network of youth and youth clubs, sports clubs and amateur art groups;

- Medical. socio-psychological and educational assistance to young people and adolescents, especially those with mental and psychological disorders;

- Legal advocacy in schools and the media.

Of course, today, do not have to rely on the versatility of these measures, however, taken in combination, they are likely to give a positive result and will help to significantly reduce the number of young people engaged and involved in criminal activities.

Literature:

1.Elmira Sabirova Youth newspaper RB / IA "Bashinform" from 12.28.13.

2.Postanovlenie from 20.06.2012, № 201 "On the State Program" Development of youth policy in the Republic of Bashkortostan".

3.Ugolovno Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of 18.12.2001, № 174-FZ. as amended on 19.10.2009 // Reference legal system "Consultant Plus": [electronic resource] / "Consultant Plus".