Export potential of the Republic of
Kazakhstan and Kyzylorda region
B.A.Shaimerden,
master student
Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda
State University, Kazakhstan
Abstract. The article the state of export potential in Kazakhstan, as well as in
the Kyzylorda region as a summary of resource opportunities in this or that
area of management.
Keywords. Export potential, economic resources, social
infrastructure, production assets, natural wealth, level, national income,
economic growth.
Entry into the world economy for any country is
determined by the degree of openness and development of its economy, the
content of the export potential, the effectiveness of using certain resources
in the economy and trade relations. Therefore, at the present stage, it is the
task of its best use and application in accordance with the approaches adopted
in developed countries to the formation of export potential. The formation of
an "open" economy in Kazakhstan predetermined the need for its
further development. The results of the country's industrialization have
largely resolved the import substitution process without realizing the
potential of export opportunities. Moreover, according to the authors,
Kazakhstan's trade and economic relations with other countries indicate that at
present the republic's existing potential is not being fully realized.
The concept of "export potential" is often
found in both economic literature and business practices. Practically speaking
about the same thing, i.e. The concept of "external economic" and
"export" potential is used in the literature of the republic beyond
its borders, and the subject of activity abroad usually refers to a country or
an enterprise. Less common are articles on the experience of foreign trade in a
particular region or region. In today's economy, when the process of industrial
development of the country is going on more than ever, in our opinion, it is
necessary to talk specifically about the region and its possibilities in
strengthening the export potential of the whole country.
Mean while, in the process of this study, a need a
monographic study of the essence of this issue. In Soviet economic literature,
especially in the times of developed socialism, this problem was also widely
used in conducting economic research. The essence of the phenomenon was that it
meant the combined ability of the branches of the national economy to produce
industrial, agricultural products, to cary out capital construction, to
transport goods, to provide services to the population, and so on. . It seems that
the concept as a whole has not undergone significant changes in the conditions
of market economy.
The study of scientific literature has shown that the
economic or socio-economic potential is understood as the summary
characteristic of resource opportunities in a particular area of
management.
In aggregate, economic resources form the potential of
either a national economy, a region of the world or the entire world economy.
In this sense, we should agree with Z.D. Tazhieva's approach, which notes that
"economic potential is a synthetic concept that characterizes the
development of economic productive forces and economic relations and consists
of some aggregate potential depending on the level of economic entities under
consideration, which, in turn , Is determined by such features of production systems
as the scale and nature of the activity. " Thus, it can be said that in
the economic concept the economic factors included factors of production
(natural and climatic, fixed assets, labor resources) in quantitative and
qualitative assessment.
The concrete content and volumes of economic
potential, both in general and its component part - the social infrastructure,
can not be defined by formal definitions, but disclosed in the course of
research on social production. Accordingly, in the economic potential of the
productive spheres of activity included qualified personnel, production assets
and natural resources, and in the non-productive sphere of activity - the
number of employees, material resources, and accumulated material values.
Proceeding from the above, the authors who
investigated this phenomenon identified the following three blocks as the main
elements:
- the quantity and quality of natural resources. The block "Natural
Resources" combines indicators and indicators that characterize: the availability
of natural resources in the region, belonging to the components of nature:
forest, water, minerals and others, their use in the material and non-material
sphere, ecological and economic characteristics of exploitation of natural
resources;
- quantity and quality of labor resources. The block "Labor
resources" includes indicators characterizing the social and demographic
state of the population: the number and composition, location and movement of
the population of the region; Indicators that determine the patterns of
population development, which include indicators of reproduction and migration,
unemployment and labor productivity, nominal and real wages of one employee;
Structure of consumer incomes and expenditures of the population; The state of the
sphere of education, science, culture and health;
- level of use of production potential. The level of use of productive
potential includes indicators characterizing the state of fixed capital: fixed
assets of economic sectors, production capacities, capital investment, etc.,
which provide a comprehensive description of the technical and technological
level of production. How rationally selected and connected to the system and
used elements of the economic nature: resources, property, personnel, funds, scientific
achievements, as well as determined and satisfied with the need for them to
achieve and develop economically significant results for the society, will show
an analysis of the economic potential of
Kyzylorda Region.
Any society is interested in building up the economic
potential to meet its needs and further expand the reproduction on a large
scale on a better basis. This is consonant primarily with the problems of
economic growth, etc. The higher the magnitude and growth rates of the
country's potential, the faster other things being equal, the national income,
its consumption and accumulation funds, which determine the level of people's
consumption and the rate of expansion of reproduction, should increase. Summarizing
the opportunities for economic growth, American scientists McConnell K.R. And
Bru S.L. Wrote that "economic growth is defined and measured in two
interrelated ways: as an increase in real GNP or PPP over a period of time or
as an increase over a period of time of real GNP or PPP per capita. Both
definitions are used. For example, if the focus is on problems of
military-political potential, the first definition seems more appropriate. But
when comparing the living standards of the population in individual countries
and regions, the second definition is clearly more preferable. "
The multifaceted nature of such a phenomenon as
economic potential requires the use of quantitative and qualitative measurement
and evaluation separately. The level of development and use of economic
potential can be defined as a possible increase in well-being at the expense of
raising the standard of living, the comprehensive development of all members of
society while rationally using the existing aggregate national economic potential.
However, it can be implemented fully, partially or not at all. Consequently, it
is hardly legitimate to consider the content of the phenomenon inseparably from
the level of its use in the public interest.
Material-material predetermination of the resource
approach assumes to subdivide it into aspects: scientific and technical,
personnel intellectual, investment, information, spiritual, infrastructure
potential, organizational and branch character. The latter implies the
allocation of industrial, transport, construction, agricultural potential.
At the same time, it should be said that if in the
economic literature there is still no specific definition of the economic
potential, then it is even more difficult to determine the concept of export
potential.
The study allows the export potential to be presented
as an integral part of the economic potential, since the external economic
sector of any country is an independent subject of economic activity. At the
same time, whether it concerns industry, agriculture or other branches of the
national economy, the export potential serves as an organic part of each of
them. From here one can see the relationship and interdependence of the export
potential with the main elements of the country's economic potential, its
productive forces, and the economic indicators of the development of society.
In economic literature today there is no clear
definition of the concept of "export potential", it can be argued
that it arose almost with the advent of foreign trade. Along with the evolution
of the world
In economic literature today there is no clear
definition of the concept of "export potential", it can be argued
that it arose almost with the advent of foreign trade. Along with the evolution
of the world economy, the gradual development of scientific and technological
progress and the expansion of the scope of its achievements have also improved
the methods for ensuring and developing export potential.
The opinion of most scientists is that the need to
study the features of export potential is related to the problem of its impact
on obtaining the maximum possible socio-economic effect from the development
and liberalization of the country's foreign economic relations. Hence the need
to push away from the opinion of modern economists engaged in the study of
foreign trade.
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