Pedagogical Sciences/2. Problems of training of
specialists
M.
Ed., Miller E. V.
D.
Serikbaev East Kazakhstan state technical university,
The professional orientation of students
The Professional orientation is a part of the general orientation of the
individual and is the combination of motivational structures (interests, needs,
aptitudes, aspirations, etc.) related to professional activity and human
influence, in particular, on the choice of profession, the desire to work on
it, and the satisfaction of professional activities.
The general thrust describes the
scope of all the needs and interests of the person, its system of relations to
reality, to others, to himself. The professional orientation describes only the
needs and interests of the individual, which are associated with the behavior
of the person in choosing a profession, with a future professional activity.
Professional orientation for every individual is completely particular
specific direction due to the individuality of the individual. That is, for
each individual vocational orientation has a special aspect of the overall
orientation that characterizes the sphere of needs and interests of the person,
which developed in the course of his individual life experience and is associated
with behavior when choosing their future careers.
The professional orientation is one of the parties the general
orientation. It has great social and moral significance, shows man's attitude
to a chosen profession, to people engaged in relevant employment, to the
respective spheres of production.
Composition in professional orientation can be divided into
motivational, emotional-volitional and cognitive spheres.
The first necessary condition for the formation of professional
orientation consists in the emergence of selectively-positive man's relationship
to the profession. Selective attitude to the profession often begins with the
appearance of private motives related to individual parties of the content of
certain activities, or with any of the attributes of a profession or the
activity process. In several papers [1, 2, 3,] it is shown that the professional
orientation is closely connected with the system of leading motives that
determine the internal position of the individual. Only through the analysis of
reasons on which is based the subjective attitude of person to the profession
can be judged on its actual content. Thus, one of the forms of the professional
orientation development is the enrichment of her motives; from the individual
motive to a more complete and diversified system of motives [4].
We consider the motive as an internal force arising on the basis of the
feelings and thoughts of the person and motivating him to one or another of the
activities aimed at the satisfaction of his needs.
Emotional-volitional component of the professional orientation reflects
primarily emotional attitude to the profession is manifested in satisfaction
with the profession, preparation for future professional activity, interest in
the profession and specialty, and the inclination to achieve successful
results, despite the difficulties encountered, awareness of their abilities to
professional activity, preparation to it.
Cognitive component of the professional orientation is associated with
the focus on the object of activity, with the awareness of the importance and
necessity of his activities (future and present professional training). It
manifests itself in awareness, in professional plans of students in the
awareness of the public importance of the profession, in the realization of the
objectives of the study all subjects in preparation for professional activity.
Based on the analysis of different points of view available in the
literature concerning the structure of professional orientation, we believe it
is possible to allocate its structural basis, which is the system of needs,
interests, desires, tendencies, motives, and knowledge and skills.
Professional interest is one of the most important components of the professional
orientation. It provides more productive, less tiring, require less tension,
mental activity. Interest is included in group of personal properties, the main
feature of which is activating of the educational and vocational activities of
the individual. It is in the interest of subjective orientation [4, 5, 6, 7, 8
and others].
The source of activity, stimulating interest are human needs. The need
can become the basis for the formation of interest, but the interest can turn
into the need of the person [9]. At the same time, the need is not always a
matter of interest. A common feature of interest stands emotional attitude to
the object of interest if the interests of the people are reflected in their needs;
it must be the need for social work: being reflected in the minds of men, it
manifests itself in the form of professional interests. The main factor of
formation of professional interests are social environment of the individual,
the nature of the professional interests implies the existence of selective,
emotional and volitional activity of the subject towards object reality.
Cognitive activity as valuable and complex personal formation can emerge
in the activities of teaching and is a preparatory stage of autonomy [9].
The emergence and development of the professional interest implies not
only cognitive, but also emotional and volitional processes of the individual.
A sense of satisfaction from the performed work, pride in the
profession, the joy of success, employment growth is accompanied by the
activity of the student, if done with interest. This activity leads the student
to a new cognitive activity, to the desire to increase their knowledge and
skills. Professional interest is characterized by the presence of a
strong-willed readiness to overcome difficulties arising both during training and
during professional activity. On the one hand, this is due to the ability to
quickly and confidently make decisions, to insistence and endurance for performing
tasks; on the other hand - initial incentives as the source of motivation
(incentives) to activities; thirdly - personal or public needs, implemented in
the system of motives of activity. Understanding the needs of both the initial
motives (incentives or objective) in the work reveals the genetic aspect of
motivation.
This is the general view of the dynamics of the professional orientation.
The transformation needs the motive associated with the manifestation of the
will and emotional processes. At the same time needs become a form of
manifestation of nature. Satisfaction diagnostic, including vocational and
educational needs leads to the activation of cognitive activity.
References:
1.
Ignatenko L. I. Extended abstract of PhD dissertation (Pedagogy).
2.
Zhirnov V. I. Extended abstract of PhD dissertation (Pedagogy).
3.
Kovalev V. I. Motivy
povedeniya i deyatelnosti. [Motives of behavior and activity]