History/ 2. General History

Koldybaeva S.S., Associate Professor

Kazakhstan, Kostanay State University named after A.Baitursynov

SPIRITUAL AND SOCIAL ORIGINS OF EDUCATION OF IBRAI ALTYNSARIN

The second half of the XIX century was a turning point in the history of the spiritual culture of the Kazakh people. Investigation of regularities and features of development of the spiritual culture of the Kazakh Education has not only a purely scientific interest. This problem is also extremely important from a political point of view, and in the present conditions of particular importance. The modern world is a society with many problems, including civilization - value-contradictions, which is a serious challenge to all mankind. Spiritual conflict of traditional values with modern postindustrial mental orientation can lead to shocks not only in Europe (published in the journal "Charlie", France) but also in other continents. Hence, the study and research of the origins of spiritual culture of the people is very important. Modern Kazakh society should draw the spiritual principle of the experience of previous generations, based on the historical experience of the traditional past and actively using the new civilization changes. In this turn a huge role in the Kazakh society of the XIX century played not only the historical experience of the spirituality of the previous generation, but also the political events that took place in the II half of the XIX century, changed the fate of the Kazakh people for many years and is destined to the content of his political life and continues today to provide him his influence. Education is a kind of historical phenomenon, rooted in the bowels of the European (Russian) and specifically the Kazakh society. Hence, the emergence in the XIX century. Kazakhstan part of the Russian Empire is a public policy environment factor in the formation of spirituality Kazakh population of the XIX century, especially the representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia "valihanov era", which include Ibrahim Altynsarin. Despite the dramatic changes taking place in the Kazakh society in connection with the colonization of Russian autocracy I.Altynsarin believed that the duty of everyone to make a passive contribution to the benefit of his people, and he chose the path of education of its people. Implementation of educational ideas I.Altynsarin saw in school education, which he regarded as the hope and future of his people, which, along with the general philosophical knowledge necessary to teach children their native Kazakh language. Thus, in the education of his people, he saw the observance of two fundamentally important conditions on the one hand - taking into account the political realities of the development trends, on the other hand, the preservation of the national identity of language and culture. Its formation as a teacher- innovator contributed to creative learning Kazakh folk heritage thinkers pedagogical theory J.Russo, Ya.A.Kamenskyy, K.D.Ushinsky, Leo Tolstoy and creativity of the outstanding poets of the East A.Ferdousi, G. Nizami, Navoi.

Political, economic and social changes in the Kazakh steppe in the XIX could not but affect the spiritual needs of the Kazakh society. The national liberation movement, the penetration of bourgeois economic relations, colonial oppression, the change in the metropolis, of course, the awakening of national consciousness and the emergence of new spiritual needs and requirements. In the XIX century Kazakh educators involved in the political struggle. They did not seek to use their official position for personal gain, to meet their careerist intentions, but based on the burning desire to put the current situation in the service of objectives to reach an early Kazakh people historical progress and exit from the press medieval torpor in the short term. It is known that his works and textbooks I.Altynsarin wrote using the Cyrillic alphabet, ie Russian alphabet. Meanwhile, it is known that in 1876 Altynsarin returning Petersburg and was received by the Minister of Education Russian Count DA Thick, supervision visits to the Urals and the Volga region. At this meeting, questions were raised with the help of education Kazakh alphabet on future teachers' school and the establishment of an inspector of public schools. Returning from a trip, the Minister of Education agreed with the king of the issue of transition office, where it was conducted in the Tatar language, Kazakh, using Russian letters. During the inspection services on the territory of I.Altynsarin Turgay region (now the land of Aktobe, Kazakhstan and Kostanai Orenbergskoy region of Russia) were opened county 2 class, 6-year-old Russian-Kazakh schools, county schools, trade schools, girls' school, a teacher's school schools for Russian children. When bibleotek Irgiz was open evening classes, he sought scholarships for Kazakh youth for further education in the vocational and higher educational institutions of Russia. He was personally involved in raising funds for the construction and opening of schools, emphasized the creation of the material base, cared about creating a library at each school. Much time and energy spent on Altynsarin opening of trade schools and classes, dreamed of opening an agricultural school in Kazakhstan. He also had to take care of the training of teachers for their schools, make up tutorials, prepare guidelines, conduct extensive correspondence on the opening of schools, and all this combined with literary, journalistic activities.

Democratic educational ideas and views Altynsarin today serve as a source for the development of modern education in independent Kazakhstan, which incorporates traditional values and contemporary trends in the Kazakh society in the nineteenth century.

References:

1 Kupeshov BK Ibrahim Altynsarin teacher-innovator. Kostanay, 1991

2 Altynsarin I. Collected Works in 3 volumes. A., 1975.