History
/ 2.General History
Mukhamedzhan Seralin’s participation in the
publication of Kustanai Kazakh
newspaper "Aul"
Nurseitov B.N., Senior lecturer
Kostanai State University named after A.Baitursynov
The Republic of Kazakhstan
Mukhamedzhan
Seralin is known to the society as the initiator of the edition and the
permanent head of the first-ever kazakh magazine "Aikap", published
in Troitsk, Orenburg province in 1911-1915 years. The victory of the October
Revolution in 1917 and the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan is
significantly updated the role and importance of newspapers in the Kazakh
language in order to promote the main ideas of the new system among the people.
M. Seralin was one of the representatives of a small Kazakh intelligetsia who
wholeheartedly embraced the slogans of Soviet power, and all the energy and
life experiences have given to serving the revolution.
With
the manumission of the Kustanai city from Kolchak movement on November 3, 1919
he comes as a sympathizer (ie the candidate) in the ranks of the Russian
Communist Party (Bolshevik) and was included in the process of the socialist
transformation of the native land. M. Seralin was one of the organizers of
Soviet Kazakh newspaper in the city of Kustanai. This topic was first studied
in the monograph of Russian historians
Zimanov S., K. Idrisov and dedicated Mukhamedzhan Seralin’s socio-political
view [1, p. 151-158]. It reflects the
main points of his activities as an organizer and editor of the newspaper
"Aul". This topic was partly dealt in the work of local historian and
ethnographer P. Chernysh, "Essays on the Kostanai region’s history"
[2, p. 127-128]. Despite the seeming completeness of researches on M. Seralin’s
biography, it nevertheless continues to attract the attention of modern
researchers. In 2008 S. Nysanova’s dissertation for the degree of candidate was
defended, the theme was «Мухамеджан Сералиннің
қоғамдық- саяси қызметі». It separately investigated
the question of Seralin’s participation in the publication Kazakh Soviet
periodicals [3].
The
printing organ’s organization in the post-war devastation, anti-Soviet
peasants’ armed uprisings, famine of 1921-1923 was not easy. But the leadership
of Kostanay provincial committee of the RCP (b) did everything possible to
release the Kazakh newspaper. When question of the organization of the
newspaper in the Kazakh language was discussed, many were perplexed. They
genuinely could not understand how it was said at the enlarged plenum of the
Provincial Party Committee in October 1923, "that it can be printed on
kirgiz language" [4, SZ]. Some senior officials by their performances in
the pages of the Russian-language provincial newspaper "Steppe" tried
to break the existing stereotype. In particular, the vice deputy head of the
provincial department of land A. Massanov wrote: "The shortage of
literature will not be able to. We can certainly point to such workers, who in
the old days were engaged in the release of newspapers, magazines and books.
There is comrade M. Seralin in Chubar region, who is the party person, the
former editor of "Aikap", in Dombar region there is a poet and
playwright Maylin known to all Kyrgyz, Ugetleuov (poet) in Borovskoy district,
a doctor Aldiyarov in Troitsk, and others." Further he also calls a number
of names: Kucherbaev, Segizbayev, Sultanbekov, Mukhamedzhanov, Gabdrakhmanov,
Seralin Zakir, Murzin, Karmanov, Zhienkulov, Tuyakbaev etc. [5, p.1].
Resolving
this issue took place in difficult circumstances prevailing at that time in the
province. Guide Provincial Committee of the RCP (b), and the executive
committee first openly ignored the decision X Congress of the RCP (b) on the
national question, which involves widespread involvement of the Kazakh
population in the Soviet construction. For example, as of December 1922 of 54
people working in gubzemupravlenii was only one Kazakh, 77 people worked in
gubprofkome - 1 Kazakh, including 96 people in the Province Finance Department
- 1 Kazakh of 16 people in gubrevtribunale - 1 Kazakh of 16 people in
gubmilitsii - 1 Kazakh, 38 employees lip of the Board of the Criminal
Investigation there was no Kazakh, etc. [6 s.2,6]. Seralina probably openly
objected to a similar situation that prevailed in the provincial administrative
apparatus. This can serve as a characteristic, given to him in December 1922,
the leadership of the Provincial Committee during the census of members RKG1
(b), in which he attributed to nationalism. "The stability of the party is
not sufficient. - Said in it. - Organizational and administrative skills are
weak. He knows how to control himself. Errors admits. Disciplined. By squabbles
and factions has no inclinations, there is a bias towards nationalism.
"[7, p.7] situation began to change in the spring of 1923, when already
the RCP (b) has taken decisive action to improve the situation in the province.
A number of compromised leaders were withdrawn from Kustanai and provincial
party organization headed by L. Paperny. In his letter to Moscow and Orenburg
on June 5, 1923, he wrote: "One and a half months of work in Kostanai
province I have formed a definite idea about this organization: Kustanai
organization is one of the worst organizations of Kyrgyzstan ..." [8, p.
54]. With the advent of Paperny in Kustanai became vigorously addressed the
question of the provincial organization of the Kazakh Soviet newspaper. Until
this issue of the newspaper establishment tried to establish in the neighboring
cities of Russia: Troitsk, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Kazan. For example, at a meeting
with the Provincial Committee propaganda department of the RCP (B) held on June
21, 1922 separately consider the establishment of Kazakh newspaper. Then it was
decided: "d) carry with the Troitsky Upartkomom at the expense of his
printing press in publishing Kumgubkoma on kiryazyke. d) recognize the need to
produce in the Kyrgyz language newspaper called "Kirghiz steppe"
twice a month ... "[9, p.30].
At
the same time in the nearby city of Chelyabinsk it was the first release a
desired newspaper. The report of agitotdela Kustanai Provincial Committee of
the RCP (B) for June 1922 described the event as follows: It was possible to
Chelyabinsk finally release the long-awaited paper "Aul" on Kyrgyz
language. Released 2000 copies. Demolished with Ufa about the set and the
printing of the newspaper, as Chelyabinsk inflated conditions we bet and
Orenburg since two months carry with us sending in Kustanai font. The
department took the initiative to prepare Kyrgyz typesetters. Taken one boy
Kyrgyz learning [10, p. 1] The archive to save the document from which we know
the name of the boy - Naushabaev. Head. lips. A. Massanov Land Department in a
note dated June 12, 1922 asked for his decision to work at a local print shop
as a typesetter.
Orenburg,
the former at the time the capital KazASSR also made efforts for organizing the
publication of newspapers in Kustanai. June 6, 1922 in Kostanay telegram was
sent on behalf of zavkirgosizdata A. Botschagow. "Urgent telegraph, - it
said - how much do you think it is necessary to have a Kyrgyz fonts to publish
a newspaper. Let us know if there is any font - face. Take measures to acquire.
" In response, a note was prepared by local staff of the newspaper
"Steppe" N. Romanov as follows. "Kyrgyz font requires 12 kegel-
3 pounds, 16 pounds of NW. Header Three samples of 30 pounds each, and other
typographic typesetting material 5 pounds. In Kostanai, Kyrgyz font absolutely
not. June 9, 1922 N. Romanov "[11, p. 110]
Mukhamedzhan
Seralin also took an active part in solving this problem. As someone who has
had extensive experience of journalism, it is perhaps better than anyone else
understood the importance of the printed word, to promote the idea of
Soviet power among the Kazakh population. In the summer of 1922,
in his biography of an important event. In August, he was elected chairman of
the executive committee and the Kustanai gubernia economic conferences and
performed these duties until November. In this capacity, he in the capital city
of Orenburg, tried to solve the problem with the font. This is evidenced by the
publication in the provincial newspaper "Prairie Dawn", which states
that predgubispolkom Seralin Orenburg promises made in the first place to send
in Kustanai Kyrgyz typographic font. [12, p.1] But lack of funds has delayed
the solution of the issue. It was only in July 1923, the same newspaper
solemnly declared that long awaited font Kyrgyz these days comes in Kustanai.
[13, p.4] The question of the Kazakh edition of the newspaper was the theme of
the next meeting of the Bureau of the Kustanay provincial committee of the RCP
(b), held July 14, 1923. A report on it made by the Secretary of the Provincial
Committee of L. Paperny. It was decided on the composition of the editorial
board of three persons: Seralin, Zabirov and Iralin. Days of the newspaper were
installed Wednesday and Friday. It was also decided to invite the newspaper
compositors, seconded Zabirov in Troitsk and Chelyabinsk. [14. 172] During a
trip to Chelyabinsk Zabirov managed to find an experienced compositor Sabir
Muratov, who was a master not only the set of the Kazakh texts, but also
Russian. On September 1, 1923 moved to Muratov Kustanai and begins to work in a
printing house named after VI Lenin senior compositor - the maker of the Kazakh
branch.
On
Saturday, September 1, 1923 was a long awaited event - published the first
issue of "Aul". On this occasion, the same day in the print shop a
solemn ceremony, which was attended by representatives of the Provincial Committee
of the RCP (b) regional executive committee, Gubprofbyuro, Provincial Committee
of Komsomol political education, employees' Red Steppe ", the
newspaper" Aul ", as well as workers of both papers, invited guests.
Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the RCP (b) was prepodnesёn the
so-called "golden number" of the people newspaper. On this occasion,
Simeon Uzhgin known writer in the province and a member of the Provincial Party
Committee, published in the newspaper "Red Steppe" article with the
characteristic title "Another victory!", Which praised the early
editions of the Kazakh newspaper. "The Kyrgyz newspaper under Kustanai
reality - he wrote - is the alarm bell at the call of the poor to the Kyrgyz
reorganization of its life on the cultural basis. It will awaken a sleeping
idea Kyrgyz poor man to help him rally against the rule bais, point to direct
his way out of the darkness of ignorance and slavish harsh nature "[15,
SZ]
At
the beginning of the way the newspaper "Aul", as well, and "Red
Steppe" has experienced a number of difficulties in financing, providing
paper and paint. For example, September 14, 1923 at a meeting of the Presidium
of the regional executive committee addressed the issue of funds to leave the
newspaper "Aul" to cover the deficit for the month of September. It
was decided to leave the newspaper of 30,000 rubles [16, p.236] Despite the
difficulties, the publication of the newspaper continued. In total, by 23
February 1924, it was released 46 rooms with a total circulation of 36,500
copies. Gradually growing circulation. With 500 copies of its circulation
increased to 1000-3000 copies of individual rooms. Subscribers "Aula"
is a large part of the party organizations and government agencies. Individual
among subscribers was about 200 people. [17 SZ] Newspaper "Aul" gave
a start in life known Kazakh writer Beimbet Maylin, who began his career with
the post of Secretary of the newspaper.
Literature:
1.Зиманов С.З., Идрисов К.З.
Общественно-политические взгляды Мухамеджана Сералина - Алма-Ата- 1989
2.Черныш П.М. Очерки истории Кустанайской
области. Кустанай-1995
3.Нысанова С.К. Мұхамеджан
Сералиннің қоғамдық-саяси қызметі - Алматы, 2008- 140 бет
(На правах рукописи)
4.Расширенный Пленум Губкома РКП (б) Красная
Степь- 1923-3 ноября
Масанов А. Методы просветительских работ среди
киргиз. // Степь- 1922-3 июля
5.ГАКО Ф.72,Оп. 1, Д.80, Л.26
6.ГАКО Ф.24,Оп. 6, Д.1279, Л.7
7.ГАКО Ф.24,Оп. 1, Д.212 Л.54
8.ГАКО Ф.24,Оп. 1,Д. 175, Л.30
9.ГАКО Ф.24,Оп. 1, Д.189, Л.1
11 .ГАКО Ф.24,Оп. 1, Д.80, Л. 110
12. Степная Заря-1923-28 октября-с.1
13.Прочная Степь- 1923-30 июня-с.4
14.ГАКО Ф.72,Оп. 1, Д.93, Л. 172
15.Красная Степь-1923-4 сентября-с.З
16.ЦГАРК. Ф.5 Оп.З Д.90 Л.236
17.Красная Степь-1924-11 марта-с.З