Психология и социология/12. Социальная психология

Магистранг гр. НВЭм-14-, Быкова Светлана Михайловна

Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет, Россия

Comparative analysis of the transformation of family traditions and values of modern Russian families and families from South Korea: the attitude to mixed marriages, mental and civilizational features as the cause of the differences in the characteristics of transmission of social memory generations.

The family occupies a very important place in the life of any person. For some people, it brings joy to others - grief, but for all the family is significant and it can not be underestimated.

The state has always been and will remind us of one big family, each follower is there in common. Thanks to these similarities, communication between members of the same country will be held in a relaxed atmosphere, which, unfortunately, is unlikely to get the representatives of different nations. In any conversation between people from different countries can be seen the following pattern: each party seeks to be a leader and wants to show the benefits only, missing important moments.

International communication at any level remains unchanged: mistrust and rivalry - traits that best describe the psychological components of his opponents. Therefore, considering this communication, even within the family, you can see the differences in the life plans, attitudes and interests that have been laid down as a child and as a result, in most cases, they are a major cause of divorce in such marital unions.

In such families, it is difficult to educate their children, between spouses are constant conflicts, while the children are neglected and can not take sides. There is a mix of cultures, traditions and values, which has a positive effect on the level of the multinational state and the negative impact on the level of each individual family.

National mentality and peculiarities of farming affect the nature of family traditions. In the process of transmission of social memory generations, it has weighty importance social environment where educated people, cultural and ethnic traditions of the country, especially family and community structure and the level of success of the combination of everyday life with moral ideals, declared ancestors.

To identify the social and cultural characteristics of family traditions, typical for Russia and South Korea was held in the format of an empirical study of unstructured interviews.

An analysis of the responses of South Korean respondents, found that family for them is of great importance. In this country, it serves not only as an institution of socialization and instrumental value, allows us to develop economically and to be socially protected children, but also as a fundamental value, giving an incentive to life, self-development, obtaining additional benefits and career advancement.

Among the Russian respondents such trends raise the profile of the family has not been noticed. Family is important for the Russian respondents, but they do not consider other interests have to sacrifice for the sake of it. Anton from Irkutsk (26, student) argued as follows: "A family in our country can not start as long as freedom is not tired, forty years before, that's when it will be important, as long as you're young, and enjoy a better life for yourself ... ".

Korean respondents, Chung Jung-ho (26 years, student) said the following about it: "The family - the most important thing in life! Work and hobbies - also important elements, but the family is most important, but sometimes needs a rest from it and to feel the happiness ... ".

Let us turn to the question of the degree of closeness of relations of children and parents. The study revealed that the Russian and Korean respondents have not experienced being in family life, not fully located in a trusting relationship with their parents.

Korean respondents base their conclusions on the fact that parents are their mentors inviolable, so saved intergenerational distance. As for the respondents in Russia, they do not explain their behavior, and argue its common reluctance to communicate with parents, showing thus their contempt for him.

Respondent Chung Chung Ho general opinion expressed by the Korean respondents in this regard: "... between father and son there is a close relationship, the son should be brought up in austerity and respect for his father ...".

Russian respondents, Catherine (20 years, a student) and Anna (20 years, a student), claimed that their relationship with their parents, "like everyone", explained as follows: "It depends on compatibility characters, zodiac signs ... "and the remaining Russian respondents confidently answered that" The relationship with the parents in trouble and that's okay, because we their children .... "

Consider the question of who should be engaged in raising children and what qualities should have a good parent. With the majority of Korean respondents revealed that the upbringing of children should be engaged parents "without the involvement of teachers' and parents for good characteristic qualities such as" kindness, mutual trust and hard work. "

On the part of Russian respondents, as well as the respondents from South Korea, the prevailing view that children in the first place, must educate their parents. Yet, in this thread respondent Anton expressed concern and said, "If those out as mothers in some families with many children, it is better to let them give in custody, there will be at least feed the children, keep an eye on them and wear is fine ..." .

Asked about the qualities every good parent should have the Russian respondents identified qualities such as "responsibility and commitment to the care of children."

Turning to the question of whether families with children are welcome in Russia and South Korea, it was found that large families are perceived negatively in Russia (the respondents indicate that: "There is much more convenient to live alone ..."). Respondents from South Korea do not contradict the fact that large families are mostly low-income, but argue that: "The minimum number of children in the family - two or three, it is necessary for its prosperity ...".

On the question of at what age is best to acquire own family, respondents from different countries meet at all in the same vein: Russian respondents named some 25-year-old age limit, and the ROK in their judgments close to the age of "35 years."

For example, a respondent Min Ji said: "Previously, families were large and strong, could soon start its economy and provide for the family. Now there is no economy, and to earn a lot of money, you have to work and receive a prestigious post, to learn and to work. Therefore, man must first work, he can marry at 35 and women can learn and find a husband soon. I want to get married at 29 years, 30 years ... ".

Another respondent from South Korea, Yoo Jin on this issue said: "The family is created when people are ready. Many men in Korea grow late, so I will create a family until 32 years ... ".

Thus, the opinions of Korean and Russian respondents were completely different, since, in contrast to the opinion of South Korean respondents, almost all respondents in Russia said that "Family is best to acquire in 25 years!".

In the matter of respect for elders, respondents' opinions were divided. According to the Korean respondents: "In respect for elders based society, it is made to order remained everywhere, then people need to behave as it should ...". As for the respondents in Russia, compared with South Korean respondents, the elderly are not respected at all. For example, Anna (18 years, student) says: "Senior respect those who are older, and children now had escaped from the custody and are responsible for themselves. So it should be .... "

On the question of whether there are special celebrations, celebrate who believe the whole family, the respondents from South Korea named two holidays: "New Year and Chuseok." In contrast, respondents from Russia, they have no concept of "celebrating a birthday." They rarely celebrated birthdays with the family, most often it is in the company of friends, with the use of meat and alcohol in a small karaoke bar.

For example, a respondent Chung Chung Ho on this issue expressed the following: "The New Year and Chuseok - holidays for families. Birthdays - rarely celebrated New Year - often. Chuseok - a harvest festival, we celebrated it in the fall. There are held various competitions, contests, games, selling goodies. People gather together families and play games ... ".

Respondents from Russia named four family festival: "Birthday, New Year, Twenty-eighth of March and 3 February."

Let us issues concerning divorces, adultery and orphanages. Interviews showed that Russian families less strong, often happen adultery and quarrels, and after them, people get divorced and are looking for another family. As often happens in Russia, which is given to children in the care of the state. In fact, in South Korea the problem is also very relevant, especially, that the children get in children's homes.

Respondents from Russia argue their views as follows: "Treason happen at every turn, bred more often than married, and children in orphanages are not given for any reason, and take on the dysfunctional parents ...".

 South Korean respondents indicated that: "Couples break rarely adultery occur most frequently in affluent families, politicians and businessmen, when a woman is looking for fun on the side, it's all well hidden and not exposed to the public, they live as strangers. If children are given the care of the state, but it is usually lonely and abandoned women who have nowhere to go ... ".

Respondent Chung Chung Ho believes that such phenomena - a rarity in South Korea, but as to how often do parents leave their children in the care of the state, he said: "Unfortunately, this problem does exist today. Though earlier it was worse, our country was very poor, so talking about it in jest, that the main export - is the car and the people as the labor force and the bride from South Korea. Mothers often leave their children to build their lives, it was the norm. Now it has decreased, but still not quite izzhilos ... ".

According to the other respondents, Min Ji: "Treason in married life do not occur often, but men in our country believe that a woman can change them, they are afraid, so often it is controlled, hire people to control it. When they see that she has changed, they divorced her. Now the rich wives of politicians and businessmen like young men, so they change. Men rarely change, but if it happens, they do not get divorced and the wife does not know it .... "

According to Yu Jin, divorce proceedings - "frequent", and with respect to adultery, she pointed out, "cheating in marriage occur at successful people, they hide it. The poor people of other values, they do not change. When I get married, I'll find a secured, but in moderation, man .... "

Concerning the orphanages, Russia was more humane. Respondents from South Korea pointed out that "children are in state care on their own parents", "... it was especially characteristic of twenty years ago, when the country was not as rich and mainly exports machines were considered and live labor ..." . In recent years, according to respondents, the situation is stabilized, people are much less likely to abandon children in the care of the state, and this happens "when a woman is alone with a baby and can not provide for themselves and the baby." That is, in our time it happens "forced, unlike what happened even some twenty years ago."

The basis of this view are the opinions of researchers following respondents: Korean Ji Min respondent states: "Young families often break, and she can not feed themselves, so leave the baby. More mature families break up and children are rarely brought up and live in prosperity ... ".

The following opinion was expressed by respondent Yu Jin: "... It happens often, is the problem with this government is fighting. Parents do not want to take on the burden of responsibility, but suffer. When a parent is left alone, it can not cope with the child and work simultaneously , it is impossible, so it leaves the child and thinks back for him, but it is not. Everyone starts to live again and does not want to return their problems, so the problem with the child remain in the state. She finds herself a rich husband buys expensive clothes, eating expensive food instead of kimchi and forgets about the feelings of the child. She forgets her child, and the child forgets his mother is scary ... ".

Regarding the Russian side, the respondents pointed mostly to the fact that "Parents are trying to ensure that their own children, but sometimes in families there are signs of deviant behavior that manifest themselves in the fact that people drink too much and no longer care for their children." In this case, the guardianship is entitled to take away the child from socially dangerous environment, and transfer to a prosperous family.

Let us turn to the more incriminating question of who should be the master of the house, male or female. Opinions of Russian respondents were divided, most of them indicated that it is a man, but a significant part of the respondents still disagreed, explaining that: "A woman has a lot more power and should not give in just because she's a woman ...".

Opinions Korean respondents were slightly different, they all said that the house should take a dominant place only between man and argued as follows: "Man - the head of the family, even if a woman is too strong, it does not struggle with the man, she submits to him and gives birth to him children. If a woman does not want to obey, she can not find a husband ... ".

We turn to the question about the traditions and norms of the family. In South Korea, the family have strict limitations in communication (even those, such as the fact that "the wife does not dare to contact her husband by name") and precise rituals, the violation of which leads to a public reprimand, (such as "annual mandatory Congress relatives to the ancestors (dead or alive) "). All this just tells us that the unspoken norms and ideals laid down in the principles of everyday Korean and rarely violated, can not be said about the moral behavior of Russians.

Russian respondents indicated that they do not need to adhere to certain principles, on the contrary, they strive to create a system of rules that will express a high degree of freedom and personal choice of each member of the family.

At the end of the interview each respondent was asked to give an example of a family tradition. Concerns researchers was the fact that the institution of the family in Russia, judging by the respondents in this case, with each generation becoming less strong and significantly lost its value in the eyes of young people.

South Korean respondents cited the example of the various family traditions, but the Russian respondents such traditions do not remember and react to the issue lightly.

Korean respondents Chung Chung Ho called following the family tradition: "The wife should adhere to in all aspects of decisions of her husband, even in politics. If a child grows rude, it is the fault of women as child-rearing should only deal with it, it is her duty if she did not perform in Korea, man is free to drive the woman to divorce her and no other reasons ... ".

Another respondent, Ming Ji, brought examples of their family tradition: "When meeting with parents, people do not call their names, and the girl never be called to address to her husband ...".

Another respondent also spoke about some of family traditions, "we ate as a family, it is also a tradition to the table at the beginning always gets his father, and so do the other families. In other families there that getting to know the parents of the bride or groom, do not say the name of mom or dad; Koreans have great respect for his mom and dad and always do as they are told ... ".

Russian respondents, as opposed to the activity of respondents in South Korea, in this case, could not think of any one tradition, referring to the fact that: "In some families, the tradition remained in the garden of joint excursions for potatoes, that's all ... Well, tradition at which old-age daughter should have a mother and son should at his age to get a car. "

Thus, the socio-cultural characteristics of family traditions in Russia and South Korea have a number of distinctive features. This allows you to note that the mental and civilizational features play an important role in the mechanisms of formation and transmission of social memory generations. National mentality plays a huge role in the formation of value orientations of each individual family.

At the end of the interview each respondent was asked to give an example of a family tradition. Concerns researchers was the fact that the institution of the family in Russia, judging by the respondents in this case, with each generation becoming less strong and significantly lost its value in the eyes of young people.

South Korean respondents cited the example of the various family traditions, but the Russian respondents such traditions do not remember and react to the issue lightly.

Korean respondents Chung Chung Ho called following the family tradition: "The wife should adhere to in all aspects of decisions of her husband, even in politics. If a child grows rude, it is the fault of women as child-rearing should only deal with it, it is her duty if she did not perform in Korea, man is free to drive the woman to divorce her and no other reasons ... ".

Another respondent, Ming Ji, brought examples of their family tradition: "When meeting with parents, people do not call their names, and the girl never be called to address to her husband ...".

Another respondent also spoke about some of family traditions, "we ate as a family, it is also a tradition to the table at the beginning always gets his father, and so do the other families. In other families there that getting to know the parents of the bride or groom, do not say the name of mom or dad; Koreans have great respect for his mom and dad and always do as they are told ... ".

Russian respondents, as opposed to the activity of respondents in South Korea, in this case, could not think of any one tradition, referring to the fact that: "In some families, the tradition remained in the garden of joint excursions for potatoes, that's all ... Well, tradition at which old-age daughter should have a mother and son should at his age to get a car. "

Thus, the socio-cultural characteristics of family traditions in Russia and South Korea have a number of distinctive features. This allows you to note that the mental and civilizational features play an important role in the mechanisms of formation and transmission of social memory generations. National mentality plays a huge role in the formation of value orientations of each individual family.

Characteristics of the family, who were named by respondents from different countries differ significantly among themselves and together represent a family tradition as one of the most important ways of transmission of social memory generations.

Family traditions in Russia and South Korea are similar in degree of importance of the family as a social unit, similar to that training is preferred by parents, not by specialists in education and that families with children are not desirable in a modern society; in families considered to be the head and breadwinner man and a woman - the keeper of the hearth, which is engaged in the upbringing of children. For other social and cultural characteristics of family life from different countries obtained during the study, there are significant differences.

Respondents from Russia are elderly less respect than the representatives of South Korea, they are not planning to have children, in contrast to the respondents from South Korea, who wish to have at least two or three children.

In South Korea, get married and do it consciously as an adult, but in Russia it most often occurs in adolescence spontaneously.

Thus, the socio-cultural characteristics of family values people from different countries depend on the national mentality and civilizational features that have been clearly proven by a comparative analysis on the example of Irkutsk citizens perspectives as representatives of the Russian society, and the inhabitants of Seoul, as the representatives of South Korean society.

Literature

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