Technical science/ 12.Automated control systems in
manufacturing
Doctor of technical
sciences, professor Y. T. Zyryanov
Tambov state
technical University, Russia
The formation of the automated control system
of the optimum allocation of resources
organizational-technical systems
Modern
level of development of telecommunication and computer technology, allows you
to automate a wide class of functions control the distribution of resources.
For solving complex organizational and technical related tasks that make up a
single management system allocation of resources necessary to develop an
appropriate algorithmic support. When using models and methods of network
planning and management (SPM) arises the problem of rational distribution of
resources by dependent operations in organizational-technical systems (UTS),
which consist of organizational and technical components which have,
respectively, their resources and being under the influence of environment and
management of the subject.
The
resource allocation process is investigated using the theory of project
management. According to the research firm The Standish Group International
(USA), only 16% of technology projects meeting the deadlines and budget, 31 % -
fail, and 53% of budget overrun 2 times. According to the company Digital
Design and Federal service of state statistics in Russia, only 11% of projects
are completed successfully, and 89 % of the projects deviate from the plan and
budget.
Analysis
of the known methods of resource allocation shows that they are not
sufficiently effective for dependent operations. Optimization of network models
without calendar linking terms does not provide a solution to the problem of
optimization routine calculations. The use of classical methods of mathematical
programming, in some cases, adversely affects the reliability of the results
due to strong constraints on the factor space and range of variation of the
objective function. The application of combinatorial analysis to the analysis
of a large number of options allocations of resources. The use of heuristic
techniques to loss of control at the planning stage.
The use
of commercial software products such as Microsoft Project, Time Line, Spider
Project, Open Plan, Primavera, Artemis Views, etc. finds limited use in practice
in force the specifics of the tasks, and also due to the high cost of licensed
versions. Presents products do not fully consider the complex factors such as:
the level of training in heterogeneous groups; their redistribution on the
operations performed with variable speed; fatigue; due to the inability of the
optimization network models under given conditions, because task due to
variable network structure.
Existing
solutions do not adequately reflect the level of factors such as: training,
their interchangeability, security tools (utensils, appliances, service
equipment, diagnostic tools) the redistribution, and the task of finding the
resource ties and multivariate conditional variable speed operations and
variable structure of the graph.
This indicates
the need to improve the existing structure of the automated control system
(ACS), responsible for the planning, management and control of the resource
allocation process. Consequently, the necessity of a new approach to solving
the problem of optimal allocation of resources by dependent operations to
achieve high technical and economic characteristics, such as labor costs,
productivity, availability, efficiency, i.e. specific indices describing and
justifying the effectiveness of the chosen variant of the technical solution.
The
problem of optimal resource allocation is possible with their redistribution by
successive appointments of critical operations through the use of reserves in
the volume of operations of the network model. The method of successive
assignments allows to obtain an optimal distribution plan of organizational and
technical resources with a given degree of accuracy under changing operational
and tactical situation and to solve the contradiction, arising due to
constraints on the use of the same resource on different operations.
To
solve the problem of redistribution of resources proposed process for sharing
the method of successive assignment algorithm and direct search. If the total
duration of the operations is given in the form of concave and additive
functions, a mathematical construction of the network model leads to maximum
function and provides a resource graph for sequential assignment of experts on
the operation of all units.
It is shown that with a
constant amount of resources in time and is proportional to the rate of change
of the volume of the generalized model of the system for operational management
of the project will be:
where t – is the current time; s(ij)(t)
and w(ij)(t) - the planned dynamics
of costs and volume on operations, respectively; S and S(ij) - actual and projected total costs for the operation,
respectively.
Literature:
1.
Zyryanov, Y. T. control System of rational distribution of resources
based on the modernized method of successive assignments / T. Y. Zyryanov, O.
Konovalov, A. K. Melikov // Problems of management. (CONTROL SCIENCES). - M.,
2011. - No. 1. - ISBN 1819-3161. P. 55-62.
2.
Zyryanov, Y. T. Management prevention in organizational-technical
systems / T. Y. Zyryanov, K. A. Malikov: the Monograph, edited by Y. T. Zyryanov
- Moscow: AST-PRESS kniga, 2005. 160 p. ISBN 5-462-00357-9.