Овсянникова Ю.Н. , студентка гр.532

Рябикина Е.В. , старший преподаватель

Ростовский Государственный Экономический Университет (РИНХ)

Global warming is one of global problem of modernity

Introduction. Scientists fear climate effects so severe that they might destabilize governments, produce waves of refugees, precipitate the sixth mass extinction of plants and animals in Earth’s history, and melt the polar ice caps, causing the seas to rise high enough to flood most of the world’s coastal cities.

The extreme heat and related climate disturbances mean that delegates to a global climate conference in Paris will almost certainly be convening as weather related disasters are unfolding around the world, putting them under greater political pressure to reach an ambitious deal to limit future emissions and slow the temperature increase.

Scientists reported, that 2015 was the hottest year in the historical record by far, breaking a mark set only the year before — a burst of heat that has continued into the new year and it is roiling weather patterns all over the world.

The manifestation of global warming on regions. British scientists released figures showing 2015 as the warmest in a record dating to 1850. The Japan nMeteorological Agency had already released preliminary results showing 2015 as the warmest year in a record beginning in 1891.

In the United States, the year was the second-warmest on record. One result has been a wave of unusual winter floods coursing down the Mississippi River watershed. Past patterns suggest that El Niño will send unusual amounts of rain and snow to the American Southwest and to California, offering some relief for that parched state but also precipitating floods and mudslides [2].

The intense warmth of 2015 contributed a heat wave in India last spring that turns out to have been the second-worst in that country’s history, killing anestimated 2,500 people. The long-term global warming trend has exacted a severe toll from extreme heat, with eight of the world’s 10 deadliest heat waves occurring since 1997.

The strong El Niño has continued into 2016, raising the possibility that this year will, yet again, set a global temperature record. The El Niño pattern is also disturbing the circulation of the atmosphere, contributing to worldwide weather extremes that include a drought in southern Africa, threatening the food supply of millions.

But according to figures from the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, in Brussels, the toll over the past two decades is approaching 140,000 people, with most of those deaths occurring during a European heat wave in 2003 and a Russian heat wave in 2010[2].

The combined effects of El Niño and greenhouse warming are already roiling weather patterns worldwide, probably contributing to dry weather and forest fires in Indonesia, to an incipient drought in Australia and to a developing food emergency across parts of Africa, including a severe drought in Ethiopia. Those effects are nlikely to intensify in coming months as the El Niño reaches its peak and then gradually subsides .

Countries with huge, including Canada and Russia, could see some economic benefits as global warming makes agriculture, mining and the like more possible in those places.

Major trends. Forecasters have been issuing warnings about a strong El Niño. The coming few months will test whether governments, and the global relief agencies that support poor countries, have prepared, particularly to provide food relief for hard-hit regions.

1)The effects can be profound, with some research even suggesting that civil wars become more likely in tropical countries when they are under stress from an El Niño.

2)The effects on the natural world have also been severe, with extreme ocean temperatures bleaching coral reefs around the world, and many of them likely to suffer lasting damage.

3)The record-setting warmth of 2014 and 2015 has undermined the idea that the problem of greenhouse emissions had somehow solved itself, though some Washington politicians continue to repeat the claims. Climate scientists have not wavered in their view that the long-term temperature increase poses profound risks and that emissions must be brought under control.

4)The number may sound low, but as an average over the surface of an entire planet, it is actually high, which explains why much of the world’s land ice is starting to melt and the oceans are rising at an accelerating pace. The heat accumulating in the Earth because of human emissions is roughly equal to the heat that would be released by 400,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs exploding across the planet every day.

5)Perhaps the greatest fear is a collapse of food production, accompanied by escalating prices and mass starvation. Even with runaway emissions growth, it is unclear how likely this would be, as farmers are able to adjust their crops and farming techniques, to a degree, to adapt to climatic changes. Another possibility would be a disintegration of the polar ice sheets, leading to fast-rising seas that would force people to abandon many of the world’s great cities and would lead to the loss of trillions of dollars worth of property and other assets. Scientists also worry about other wild-card scenarios like the predictable cycles of Asian monsoons’ becoming less reliable. Billions of people depend on monsoons to provide water for crops, so any disruptions could be catastrophic [3].

6)The ocean is rising at a rate of about a foot per century. That causes severe effects on coastlines, forcing governments and property owners to spend tens of billions of dollars fighting erosion.

7) The environmental pressures from global agriculture are indeed enormous. The demand for food is rising, in large part because of population growth and rising incomes that give millions of once-low income people the means to eat richer diets. Global demand for beef and for animal feed, for instance, has led farmers to cut down huge chunks of the Amazon rain forest. Efforts are being made to tackle the problems [1]. The biggest success has arguably been in Brazil, which adopted tough oversight and managed to cut deforestation in the Amazon by 80 percent in a decade. But the gains there are fragile, and severe problems continue in other parts of the world, such as aggressive forest clearing in Indonesia. Scores of companies and organizations, including major manufacturers of consumer products, signed a declaration in New York in 2014 pledging to cut deforestation in half by 2020, and to cut it out completely by 2030.

Conclusion. You can reduce your own carbon footprint in lots of simple ways, and most of them will save you money. You can plug leaks in your home insulation to save power, install a smart thermostat, switch to more efficient light bulbs, turn off the lights in any room where you are not using them, drive fewer miles by consolidating trips or taking public transit, waste less food, and eat less meat.

So, global warming is the most important problem, which can change life way in whole world. The topic is of concern to all inhabitants of the earth, even Leonardo Di Caprio devoted his speech to global warming during the presentation of the award "Oscar". US President Barack Obama arrived in Alaska to speak at a conference on the consequences of climate change on the Arctic region. 20 countries, including Russia, took part in this forum in Anchorage.

List of sources used

1) Dan Vergano, Climate change will cut habitats by 2080//USA TODAY-May 12, 2013 [Electronic resource]// usatoday.com information portal. URL:http://www.usatoday.com.

2) Justin Gills, 2015 Was Hottest Year in Historical Record //The New York Times- jan. 20, 2016 [Electronic resource]// nytimes.com: information portal. URL:http://www.nytimes.com

3) Justin Gills, Short Answers to Hard Questions About Climate Change//The New York Times - nov. 28, 2015 [Electronic resource]// nytimes.com: information portal. URL:http://www.nytimes.com