Master of pedagogical sciences Zh. B. Khajayeva , 1 year students of
economics faculty A.B. Blyalova, A.E.Tabriz
Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda State University, Kazakhstan.
Globalization: the development of trade and competitiveness in Kazakhstan
The essence of
globalization is to enhance the relationship of people, states, expressed in
the formation of the global information space, the world market, the
internationalization of environmental problems, ethnic and religious conflicts,
in the interpenetration of cultures and civilizations, to strengthen the
standardization of lifestyles and behavior. Globalization expresses the
increasing role of transnational structures and participants in international
relations - regional and non-governmental organizations, the priority of human
rights and freedoms, the universalization of the rule of law, social standards,
and etc.
International
trade was first which caught the fancy of scientists and it has enormous
conceptual base. Fundamental postulate
of rationale of international trade development between countries is increasing
of resource productivity. It’s necessary to join correctly selected competitive
strategy of firm with competitive advantage of country in order to succeed in
world trade. Point of globalization is interrelation expansion of people,
countries, which expressed in formation process of world information space,
world trade, internationalization of ecological problems, interethnic and
interfaith conflict, in interpenetration of cultures, civilizations, in
standardization strengthening of lifestyle and people behavior. Basic reference
point of economy of Kazakhstan is development of it’s export raw potential. One
of the most major consequence of globalization process is active development of
information technologies branch in many countries, which described by high
level of innovational activity. The negative external
effect of globalization is inefficiency of
macroeconomic reforms within the framework of national economies and nowadays
this is the central problem for politics of many underdeveloped
countries. The specific peculiarity of competition as market institute is
absence of properties of self-organization and stability.
International
trade as being ancient form of an economic relation and still playing
ever-increasing economic development of countries was first which caught the
fancy of scientists and it has enormous conceptual base. In modern conditions outer trade becomes the
most important factor of including national economics into global reproduction
process and system of international economics relations.
Fundamental
postulate of rationale of international trade development between countries is
increasing of resource productivity, and consequently volume increasing of
producing goods and services and maximization of satisfaction of differential
needs on account of mutually beneficial exchange, which is on the one hand main factor of economic growth, on the other
hand it strengthens interrelationship and interdependence between countries[1,
p.143].
Competitive
strategy, which allow firm to succeed in world market, from the one hand
depends on correctly selected competitive strategy, from the other hand on
ratio of these advantages factors.
Choice of
competitive strategy by firm depends on two major factors: branch structure
(amount of rival firms) in which given firm acts and position which firm takes
in its branch (competitive advantage).
It’s necessary to
join correctly selected competitive strategy of firm with competitive advantage
of country in order to succeed in world trade[1, p.159].
Competitiveness
development of social-economic system in modern conditions takes place within
the frame of globalization of worldwide system of economic management. Every
country tries to realize national advantages in world arena.
Point of
globalization is interrelation expansion of people, countries, which expressed
in formation process of world information space, world trade,
internationalization of ecological problems, interethnic and interfaith
conflict, in interpenetration of cultures, civilizations, in standardization
strengthening of lifestyle and people behavior.
Basic reference
point of economy of Kazakhstan is development of it’s export raw potential.
Huge extracting and processing
producing structures were logically intervolved to unequal relations of
worldwide transnational system.
One of the most
major consequence of globalization process is active development of information
technologies branch in many countries, which described by high level of
innovational activity. By spreading new knowledge, information technologies in
global system of economic management gains not only developed countries, but
also developing countries, thus positive effect works.
First primary
objective of country becomes detection and formation of institutional
conditions, which would provide maximal favorable environment for functioning
and developing of competitiveness by contributing it’s becoming effective
coordinator and factor of integrity of economic management system. Such
conditions are:
Ø Unlimited amount of participants, absolutely free access to market and
exit from it. It supposes freedom of entrepreneurial performance, various forms
availability of ownership, all forms exception of consumer discrimination. Each
owner of monetary income who wants to bring own need to demand can buy
necessary goods and services.
Ø Mobility of material, labor, financial and other resources. Spare
movement of capital brings to widening of production and growth of sale volume,
consequently additional resources are involved, caned capacities are used and advanced technologies are learnt.
Ø The full awareness of every participant of competition about suggestion
and demand, prices, norms of profit. Incomplete information can serve as the
source of discrimination.
Ø Impossibility of participants of market to exert
influence on decisions decided by other participants.Decisions about individual price don’t affect on market price when there are a
lot of subjects of market. The real price levels slightly depend on desires of separate subjects of economy and
are established by market mechanism [2, p.66].
Formation and
development of competitive sphere in Kazakhstan are realized by stages:
First- creation
of presupposition for development of competition
Second- formation
of legal fundamentals for development of competition and legislative base of
it’s control
Third-
realization of demonopolisation of economy
fourth- formation
of efficient mechanism of control of natural monopolies, public monopolies and
dominant subjects in industries of economy.
fifth-
realization of system measures on development of enterprise in the term of
occurring processes of globalization and regional integration
According to
conception of free market ineffective forms must be liquidated in competitive
struggle. The presence of state power serves as the result of organization of
competitive procedure in a market.
The negative
external effect of globalization is inefficiency of
macroeconomic reforms within the framework of national economies and nowadays
this is the central problem for politics of many underdeveloped
countries. Principal functions of every effective politics are stimulation of
economic growth, creation of conditions for development of social attitudes, increase of employment, development of
technologies, increase of standard of living.
Globalization
destroys the conditions of economic and employment growth. It's base
institutions and principles of economic
politics do not provide the decision of social problems of national economies.
Within the framework of investigation
of globalization, influence of country competitiveness globalization, there are
some conclusions:
·
At
different rate of wages in all countries globalization of trade brings to increase of
unemployment, rate of growth
decrease, increase of inequality.
· Total liberalization of trade is desired in the context of regional complexes which unite countries
with the same level of socio-economic development
· Review of European Union contracts is needed
· Review of principles realized by globalization politics, especially
politics of WTO is needed [3, p.30].
Conclusion
Competition,
executing the system agency, defines the basic parameters of market economy.
Competition, refusing ineffective economic links, predetermines the development
of production and contributes to stimulation of permanent perfection,
regulating branch proportions. The specific peculiarity of competition as
market institute is absence of properties of self- organization and stability.
Because of it, competition can’t be as
the result of coordinated actions nor as consequence of managing subject
behavior, this shows necessity of competition control as the conditions of it’s
maintenance.
References:
1. Arkhipov A.Y. 2009. International economical relations. International
business. Puzakova Y.P. – Rostov n/D:
Phenix. P.143-159. (rus)
2. Baimuratov U.K. Problems of competitiveness of national economy in
context of world trend/
Competitiveness: theory, methodology, practice. – Almaty, 2008.P.66.
(rus)
3. Zhaleleva R.Z. Priorities of structure perfection of Kazakhstan regions
household. – Almaty, 2006. P.30. (rus)