NATIONAL FEATURES OF MODERNISM IN KAZAKH LITERATURE

Kuralay Zhanuzakova

Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor,

Kazakh State Women’s Teacher Training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The experience of world literature of the 20th century showed the possibility of neograničnye synthesis of artistic achievements of modernist art, realistic accuracy, folk culture, romantic and poetical contemplation and spirituality. Quite natural appearance in Kazakh literature of the second half of the 20th century the romantic, obligatory forms of stream of consciousness, existential intensity, a modernist attitude, mythmaking and mifopoètičeskogo thinking. For the twentieth century in General is characterized by great fragmentation and variability of historical-literary systems. However, the impact of modernism on artistic development in the 20th century is widely and multilaterally. Modernism, organically grown from the cultural needs of his time, had a great influence on the artistic process in the twentieth century. Modernism attracted artists almost throughout the century.

Modernism is a historical-philosophical and literary and art category as a specific attitude, most fully manifested in the alienation of man in the world of rational order and social oppression. "If overlooked Genesis Arts how would bird's eye, then you will notice that they, in turn, also tend to be cyclical movement: Revival announced (and even sincerely believed) that inherits from antiquity, romantisch somewhat mimicked the middle ages, modernism-20th century romanticism" [1, 103].

In the 20th century, modernist direction and intentions coexist in a single cultural space, creating a thick, multicolor flap operation artistic fabric of literature. Colossal conquest it is modernism is that, on the basis of empirical practice romantically daily existence, it has given the world the human spirit's highest status bytijstvennoj reality. Traits of modernism is the most open and free the self-revelation of the authors, their insistence on refresh the artistic language, focusing more on the universal and cultural-historically distant, rather than a close reality. "All these modernism closer romanticism than classical realism" [2, 403].

Modernism is extremely heterogeneous. He said himself in a number of ways and schools, particularly numerous at the beginning of the century, among them the first place (not only chronologically, but also played roles in art and culture) is the symbolism.

Active wave neoromantiс trends-summarizes the XIX and XX century opens. Many currents of the 20th century, literary criticism referred to the notion of "modernism": symbolism, surrealism, Expressionism and other direct descendants of romanticism. Many of the main theoretical postulates of these currents are easily reduced to romanticism. If you take a good look at modernistu, you can learn the old romance. In connection with this interesting thought D.v., which Materials considering artistic system of romanticism, it identifies the "modernist" and "postmodern" characteristics: [1.157].

General trend include 20th century art in one way or another, approach the orbit of romanticism in the West should be considered sustainable, accompanied by lively theoretical disputes.

The development of romanticism in the new quality in the Kazakh prose was the result of art seeking new followers artists of romanticism. In Kazakh prose in works of such writers as T.Abdikov, A.Kekilbayev, D.Isabekov, O.Bokeiev, H.Adibaev, R.Toktarov, D.Doszhanov observe features "neo", new romanticism, is typologically different from the aesthetics of socialist realism. Romantic hero of this literature are generally dissatisfied with reality, rebels against the daily, vulgarity, spiritual sluggishness. Original motif infeasibility in real life dreams, absorbed by the motif of the impossibility of any other life except that rigidly predetermined continuous circular flow, which covers all and in which a man alienated from himself. Quite obvious traction romantics to fiction, mythological subjects and irrational world.

In the works of T. Abdikov organically modernist and romantic artistic principles. Stories and novellas t. Abdikov "right hand", "Truth", "Burn the fires of hell", "War raging mind" written in the romantic style. The writer is an inherent subjectivity. Heroes and heroines of T. Abdikov bear the imprint of spiritual greatness, altruism and intrinsic complexity, reliving a tragic disorder with reality. Romantic heroes of Т. Abdikov in ways that surpass from its Wednesday. Frustrated, they can not find spiritual balance. The "right hand" of Alma's life portrayed outside of the isolation from social Wednesday. Heroine in mental disorder with a right hand, becomes as its enemy. The central protagonist of the story "Truth" Robert is in ideological disorder in society. He is a Telepath. He lives at the crossroads of two worlds: the real and spiritual. He could not take scientific and technological progress, violated people's lives. Their protest against modern technocratic civilization expresses its decision to stay in the mental hospital.

T. Abdikov romantic principles manifested in the creation of a literary hero. His characters are, at first glance, seem "strange, incomprehensible. Romantic characters of T.Abdikov is based on these "incomprehensibility". T. Abdikov romantic personality conflict is exacerbated frustration and longing heroes of loneliness becomes deeper, tragic. They suffer from the frustration of the tragic mood, frustration and grief. In the end, not only alienated from society, and ends lives tragically. In the story "truth" Robert renounces "terrible world", hung up. In the story "right hand unconsciously during sleep» Alma suffocating himself with his right hand. In the final story "War raging mind diary Owner decides to commit suicide.

The composition of the story "the war raging mind built outside the box: the plot is presented in the form of diaries and letters that the hero of the piece says" another "yourself. The very name of this work embodies a twofold meaning. In the story there is the side storylines, conflict occurs within a single individual. There is a hero in the ambivalent reality, on the one hand it seeks harmony with the world, on the other, he lives in an age of spiritual "decomposition".

In modernism, has inherited from romanticism idea of poetic dvoemiriâ, artist suffering from conflict peace ideal and real world. The theme of human split, raised in the story "the right hand", "war raging mind brought to its logical conclusion. The protagonist-the owner of the diary, the man good and moral, long time is overwritten with an unknown friend and argues about spiritual values, of good and evil. At the end of the storytelling host of diary learns that cruel, treacherous Unknown friend, is "other", and he has to defeat evil, decides to commit suicide. In literature this conflict is called "dvojničestvom", this coexistence of psychological doubles, inseparably interconnected knitted. In terms of spiritual life is an ambivalent personality unity, consisting of light and dark poles.

At the end of the storytelling host of diary learns that cruel, treacherous Unknown friend, is "other", and he has to defeat evil, decides to commit suicide. In literature this conflict is called "dvojničestvom", this coexistence of psychological doubles, inseparably interconnected knitted. In terms of spiritual life is an ambivalent personality unity, consisting of light and dark poles.

According to an unknown friend, good and evil are interrelated phenomena, one pole is derived from another. No wonder in his letters to the owner of the diary quotes "collection of poems avidly Flowers of evil by Charles Baudelaire, French poet-Symbolist, fantastic view of evil. The dominant poetic idea of the time, was romanticism. Romantic idea expressed view of the poet of dvoemirii, and was realized in opposition as the main feature of poetic thinking. For Baudelaire Chief artistic principle becomes not the antithesis and the assimilation of opposites. He reinterpreted the law Great analogy. For him, good is evil, and evil is good, life is death, and death is life, suffering there is joy, and joy is suffering, there is a purity of debauchery is truly "what lie at the bottom, similar to what is at the top. The hero of the story stand against reality where good and evil are indistinguishable postmodernistki. He, hesitating to commit suicide, kills evil. He finds his way out of the moral impasse: "it is better to kill yourself than to wake up another man, immoral villain".

Roman of H. Adibaev "Otrar" differs philosophically complex, metaphor and thought, the intensity of the end-to-end correlation mifopoètičeskih, paradigmatic series, emotionally-expressive expressiveness, religious-philosophical semantics, depth Mystic-romantic experiences. In the novel mixes up everything: times, events, religion, cultural layers. The novel is written in an associative form of stream of consciousness. In the mythological reminiscences known angel appear and demonic images, Prophet Jesus, Judas, conceptual images, as the bridge Sirat, hell-Tozak, paradise-Zhumak. The author advocates the creator's own new myth. The writer's own Genghis Khan, unconventional Judas, my Jesus.

Modernist theory treats that shaped the reality is far more realistic to human reality material. In reality, the novel h. Adibaeva "Otrar" permanent lejtmotivnym way stands devouring red light. It has authorized the hero Kerbugu, a virtual duel with Genghis Khan, his journey to the underworld and paradise.

T. Abdikov from modernism-striving for a certain metanarrativu, the search for identity and spirituality, deep intellectual prose. Hero writer, first and foremost, the wrestler with the spiritual impoverishment, rigidity and immorality. It's certainly not a modernist, but rather romantic style attitude. His heroes are fighting with opposing it by a majority. In the works of a true», «War raging mind syncretism can be observed at least two methods of art-modernism and romanticism.

The novel "Otrar", in our opinion, poetry with lyrical, associative, aimed at the bold experiment, the search for new forms of genre, narrative synthesis. Roman of H. Adibaev "Otrar" updated on the principles of lyrical, expressive emotional expressions. Genre combined works bear the stamp of individual uniqueness, bright national color. In them you can feel the breath of a particular historical era [2.874].

Here are often literary experiments may occur. According to researcher of A.Zhaksylykov departure from the outdated templates themselves ideological metodologii6 literary experiments open up "new opportunities in the way of the aesthetic, spiritual and philosophic quest writers in contemporary Kazakh literature", helping to cleanse from the sketchiness, stereotyped, zadogmatizirovannosti of the past decades.

Reference:

1. Zatonsky D.V. Modernism and Postmodernism. -Kharkov: Folio, 2000. -256 p.

2. Halizev B. Theory of literature: textbook. -M.: High shcool, 2002. - 437 p.