Филологические
науки/6. Актуальные
проблемы
перевода
Сорокина
О.Н., старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков
Карагандинский
государственный медицинский университет, Казахстан Мансурова З.Т., студентка группы 2-096 «Общая медицина»
Карагандинский
государственный медицинский университет, Казахстан
FEATURES AND DIFFICULTIES OF ENGLISH MEDICAL TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
TRANSLATION
World globalization processes put new challenges and
tasks, require further development of professional knowledge and skills.
Nowadays, there is active cooperation and international exchange in the field
of medicine and health care. Therefore, actual problem was the fulfillment of
the quality of medical documentation.
Medical and pharmaceutical translations are highly
specialized types of translation. It is required to have a translator, who
knows not only the appropriate foreign language, but also the special
terminology of the translated text. Also, the characteristic feature of modern
medicine is the growing number of narrow specialties, new treatment options,
and the development of specialized equipment and materials. Accordingly,
demands are increasing for the qualification of an interpreter. Only experienced
translators are invited to work with medical documentations, because they have
some knowledge of medicine and pharmacy. Medical translation is unique among
other types of scientific and technical translation, as it has direct relation
to human health and life.
Medical translation is characterized by features such
as specialized medical terminology, medical abbreviations, and acronyms. In
addition, the medical records are found illegible handwriting. Additional complexity is
also the fact that the annual medical vocabulary is being
supplemented by hundreds of new items, and previously used words and
expressions can acquire new meaning. Also the number of new nominations of
medical preparations and new methods of diagnosis and treatment is increasing.
In this article there are the difficulties caused by
the translation of documents related to patient care. They are medical record
as extracts, medical history, laboratory results. The translator must consider
who receive the translatable information. If the translation is to be patient,
it is necessary to avoid confusing for them places and specialized terms and
acronyms. Terms and Latin names are allowed in translation, intended for
physicians. Latin names are generally accepted in the international level the
particular importance.
A special difficulty for the translator is
abbreviations in the language and Latin. For example, abbreviation OD is
habitually used by the ophthalmologist, as oculus dexter, in other cases, it
means “occupational disease” and “patient with overdosage of some drug”.
In scientific texts specialists try to lead transcript
used abbreviations. In the text for the patient, the doctor was not paying
attention. Therefore, the translator can use several variants. In such cases,
he or she should be guided by the context or try to find a similar document
given deciphered abbreviations and acronyms. On translating medical
abbreviations he or she should look about that branch of medicine which is used
in the context of this acronym.
The language of medicine means a set of linguistic units,
through which professionals can keep communication in professional orientation.
Translation in the field of medicine is a special area of
linguistic art, based on the terminology, the translation of
which requires great responsibility, because it is often applied to health or
even life. In addition, the medical language requires exceptional knowledge of
medical terminology.
The successful work of the health worker or interpreter
depends not only on the use of morphological, syntactic and lexical means of
language, but also from ownership terminology. A huge importance is the
selection of adequate value. Inaccuracy in the translation of the term would
radically change the whole meaning of the context.
Because the medical
terms in the English and Russian languages are in the majority of
Latin origin, their translation does not cause any difficulties. However, you
must consider the path of mastering borrowed vocabulary and semantics of the
term, which can range from partial to full divergence of values.
Additional features
include polysemy meaning words in the English language and context in Russian.
For example, the oral word has several meanings: an oral
exam, oral cavity, oral school. In Russian, oral is the medical
term: referring to the oral cavity.
The need to prepare professionals with experience and
knowledge in the medical field, and speak foreign languages
adequately is still remaining relevant to this day. Of course,
the best variant is a translator who has a medical degree. Nowadays preparing highly qualified specialists in the field of
medicine and pharmacy, speaking foreign languages and who are
ready for the international professional cooperation is one of the major
problems of modern education.
Literature:
1.
Зубова Л.Ю. К вопросу об особенностях и трудностях перевода
английских медицинских сокращений//. Вестник ВГУ, серия «Лингвистика и
межкультурная коммуникация», 2005.-N 2.-с.113-116.
2.
Марковина И.Ю., Громова Г.Е. Английский язык для медиков.
Грамматический практикум. М.: «Билингва», 2002
3.
Самойлов Д.В. О переводе медицинского текста-М.: «Практика»,
2006
4. Балишин С. И. О сокращениях в подъязыке медицины (на материале английского
языка) // Разновидности и жанры научной прозы. Лингвостилистические
особенности. – М., 2000.
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