Candidate of the
geographical sciences, Savranchuk L. A,
Rusnak O.V.
Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine
Features of development tourism in Portugal
Tourist industry is an integral part of the tourism
market. Ranking second in the global economy after the computer and electronics
industry, it is ahead of industries such as petrochemical and automotive.
Portugal attracts foreign tourists plenty of tourism
resources. It attracted favorable climatic conditions of southern Europe, the
existence of a network of resorts, many natural beaches (bordering seas).
Natural and geographical features, cultural, historical and architectural
monuments serve as of natural and man-made attractions for tourists from
abroad. The museums of the country represented and reflected the history of the
Iberian Peninsula from pre-Christian times, the times of the Roman Empire, Age
of Discovery. About new and modern history of Portugal can be judged on her
achievements in architecture and other forms of art. In total, the number of
sites classified as UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site Portugal is one of the
leading countries. Only this makes an attractive brand of the country where
history real embodied in monuments of different cultures, architecture and art.
Learning Portuguese recreational complex associated with the prospects of
further involvement of the country to international tourism. One of the
potential areas is the involvement of tourism Ukrainian diaspora. Ukrainians
make up by the official data 11% of all the immigrants in Portugal, ranking
second after to Brazilians. The share of Ukrainian diaspora has grown in the
past decade more than doubled, beating in terms of the traditional country of
immigrants arriving - countries in Africa and Latin America [4].
Portugal is one of the safest countries of the
Schengen Union. It is attractive for tourists due to the Atlantic coast and the
Mediterranean with their beaches, Mediterranean climate and the internal
differentiation of natural conditions (high-and medium-areas, plateaus and
lowlands, ethnic exotic, historical and cultural heritage). In Portugal also
conducted numerous carnivals and fairs. A special and unique phenomen in the
country is bullfighting (corrida). The most popular is seaside resorts in
Portugal. Holidays in Portugal - is security and the best beaches on the
Atlantic Ocean, the excellent local wines, famous port wine, delicious seafood
and coffee; old history. There is a unique historical and architectural
monument, various churches, cathedrals and monasteries, which each year is
visited by thousands of tourists from all over.
By the dynamic factors that influence the development
of tourism in Portugal, are socio-economic and logistical factors [6]. The
former include relatively (in relation to other European countries) low prices
for services and high level of service. Also in the state quite high level
developed telecommunications, transport and social infrastructure; material and
technic base of tourism meet European and international standards. Portugal has
developed a network of national and international hotels. In rural areas the
tourist has the opportunity to choose the estate to suit every taste from hut
to villa, which has architectural value.
Tourism is one of the most important sectors of
economic in Portugal, which gives an additional income trading, transportation
and other areas of the economy, creating a huge market for local products.
Evidence of this can be considered as a share of hotels and restaurants (9%) in
the overall GDP of the country [4]. Today Portugal occupies stable leading
position in ranking of the world tourism states as the arrival of tourists and
for profits. In 2008 first time in the history of Portuguese tourism there were
about 48 thousand arrivals of foreigners who nominated her for the second in
the world after France. Another rapidly growing tourism industry profits, they
exceeded 32 bln euros. 70% of tourists come to Portugal on holiday, 8% - to
work and study, 4% - to treat or own affairs [2]. In 2010 the country was
visited by 13 million foreign tourists, the proceeds of which amounted to 5% of
the total GDP. Recently, the role of tourism in Portugal's economy has grown
significantly; in addition, there was a shift from mass beach holidays to more
high-cost cultural tourism. Among the main factors affecting the development of
tourism Portugal, can include two groups: static and dynamic [5]. Static
factors are constant in time value. These include natural and geographical,
cultural and historical. Natural factors
and GP States contribute of development tourism in Portugal. Cleanest ocean,
clean beaches awarded the blue flag of the independent monitoring of UNESCO,
mild climate (pleasantly warm without excessive heat), mosaic landscapes
(mountains and valleys in the northern and central part vary plains in Southern
latitudes), all this creates conditions for sports development and various
types of tourism. The most popular among tourists enjoy northern part of Portugal,
where on the border region is national park "Peneda-Zheresh"; center
of the northern part which is the highest mountain range Portugal Serra da
Estrela; the central part on the border with Spain, where stretches the spine
Sanmamede who declared protected area, which is inhabited by bears [2]. Fans of
quiet rest prefer the southern province of Algarve, near Faro. There is a cozy
bay protected from sea of sand spit; is the resting place of many migratory
birds. One of the highest hills of Sintra, crowned Palacio de Pena - a
fairytale castle, surrounded by a beautiful park. Among other centers which are
popular among tourists, it should be noted wine region of Alto Douro, the
landscape of vineyards island Peak, Madeira laurel forest and others the world.
Recreation and tourism resources Portugal have a high
potential to attract tourists, some of which can be recovered from Spain. The
country may well compete with Spain on a number of cultural and historical
sites, as well as the high diversity of natural recreational resources.
Portugal occupies 5th in the Europe for the number of
arriving tourists. Attracts tourists from all over the world (but especially
from the UK, Germany, Netherlands, USA, Canada) cleanest ocean beaches with
clean, welcoming and friendly people, unique historical and architectural
monuments, excellent cuisine and wine. Top Resorts: Algarve, Islands of Madeira
and Porto Santo, Azores. Thus, due to positive factors that influence the
development of the industry combined with successful public policy in the
tourism sector, Portugal has become a very promising country of the tourist and
recreational activities in Europe. The greatest development in Portugal has
inbound tourism, which is growing rapidly. If at the end of 1990 was registered
only 4 million tourists, then 2000 years Portugal receives annually about 20
million tourists. Tourists come mainly from the European Union. The largest
number of foreign tourists who visited Portugal in 2007 came from the UK - 13
million tourists (26%), Germany - 11 mln people (24%), France - 6 mln people
(12%), Italy - 2 mln people, Belgium - 2 million.
On the Ukrainian market, this country has maintained
its position in the ranking of outbound tourism, where, still ranked fifth
according to official State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. She cedes Turkey,
Egypt, Finland and Poland. In 2008 in Portugal with Ukraine went 210 thousand
tourists, 4% more than in the previous year. As for outbound tourism, it has
not received wide development. For example, in the late 2000s, only 8% of the
population traveled abroad. While outbound tourism of Portugal had developed scantily, in recent
years observed a tendency to increase the number of Portuguese who go abroad,
and at this point the characteristics of small, but still of growing market.
Outbound tourism in the similar countries growing faster: the number of
tourists in Spain increased from 2.5 mln people in 1996 to 4.1 mln in 2008, and
France - with 1 million by 3 million people during the same period. The number
of those who go to relatively cheap tourist destinations (Greece, Morocco,
Tunisia, Turkey), is growing rapidly, and it is 30-57%. Number of Portuguese
who travel by air - is only 8% of outbound tourism. 90% of tourists are traveling
to neighboring countries in the cars. The volume of domestic tourism in
Portugal is still small - only 1/3 of the population spends the holiday in
their country. In the Portuguese opposed to foreign visitors, popular is
northern coastal areas. In the Portugal are develops almost all types of
tourism. In general, tourists have access to different types of tourism and
travel and visiting the country for various reasons. However, the dominant type
of tourism in Portugal is a cultural and educational, resort, beach, religious,
business and others types of tourism. Among the tourist centers of Portugal
highlights the two cities - Lisbon and Porto.
The share of profits
from tourism makes up 6% of GDP in Portugal in 2013. World Travel and Tourism
Council predicts that in 2024 revenue from tourism will make up to about 30
billion euro. (16% of GDP), while in 2013 - 16% of GDP (26 billion euro). In
2013, profits from the tourism industry, according to data WTTC (World Council
tourism and travel) totaled 10 billion USD (in 2024 is projected to rise to 12
billion US dollars), whose share of 6% of GDP of the country (in 2024 of 6%
respectively). Between 2001 and 2012 the share of international tourists
gradually increased, reaching almost 1 mln people. The largest share of
tourists is coming to the country to visiting family and to short and
medium-long rest and leisure. The main countries from which tourists come, EU
member states: Spain (230 thousand. people), France (130 ths.), the UK (61
ths.), Germany (47 thousand), Italy (41 thousand) [4, 5]. Among the American
tourist region (total 110 thousand people) - Brazil and the USA.
By Western standards, the transport network is not
sufficiently developed. In the future, the rivalry between Portugal and other
Mediterranean countries will exacerbate on the tourist market. Success in the
competition will depend largely on the price of travel services, as well as the
quality (ratio of price / quality). At the same time, the tourism sector will
continue to play an important role in the economy of Portugal, developing and
creating new jobs. This sector, more than any other, can help solve the
employment problem. This is due to the fact that demand for tourist services is
growing worldwide. Characteristically, the problem image of the country and
attractiveness for foreign tourists to Portugal is no longer stands. Its
positive brand will continue to serve as an important factor in the flow of
foreign tourists into the country provided support competitive prices for
travel services [6]. The cause of the considerable lag in increasing the
tourist flow is the location of Portugal near leading tourist countries -
France, Spain, and Italy and expands the flow of tourists to the Eastern
Mediterranean, which affects the development of active recreational complex in
Turkey. Location of the Portugal in the "shadow" of Europe's leading
travel countries needs revision exit strategy of Portugal on the international
tourism market. In Portugal, allocate 7 tourist regions according to the
administrative-territorial level NUTS-11: Porto and the North, Centre,
Alentejo, Lisbon, Algarve and two autonomous regions - the Azores and Madeira.
The total number of tourists in Portugal was, according to the Institute of
Statistics Portugal, 4 mln people, including 3 million persons - Portuguese,
the foreigners - 511 thousand people (according to the WTO, the number of
arrivals is 8 mln. people) [3]. The priorities of the state policy of Portugal
on tourism defined development of environmental, cultural, historical and resort
and beach tourism, because these types of tourism bring the most substantial
portion of revenues to the state budget, despite the strong impact of the
global economic crisis on the economy, tourists continue to visit Portugal
which opens broad prospects for development of tourism industry [6]. Tourism
development strategy for Portugal in 2020 provides further diversification of
specialized types of tourism [2, 5]. Environmental tourism, active types of
tourism proposed to introduce in mountain areas of the country. Rest,
therapeutic tourism and SPA-service is a priority for further development in
the North, Central region, Algarve, Lisbon (region). Rural tourism, gastronomic
and wine tourism is seen as complementary to the existing types of tourism, especially
in regions with compact placement wine regions and a developed tourist
infrastructure [2, 6].
References:
1. Outstanding attractions of the Portugal http://countries.turistua.com/ru/portugaliya-sight.htm
2. Portugal. Interesting facts http://portuga.ru/,
http://amuse.com.ua/tsikavi-fakty-pro-portugaliu.htm
3. Estatisticas do turismo-2012 / Instituto Nacional de Estatistica,
Lisboa. 2013. - 150 p.
4. Portugal. Travel and Tourism. Economic impact - 2014 // WTTC: http:
//www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloands/portugal2014.pdf
5. World Heritage Convention // UNESCO. Access:
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/
6. Tourism of the Portugal [electronic resource]. - Access:
http://www.vokrufsveta.ru/vs/article/795/