FINANCINGS OF UPGRADE
AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Kalgulov Ali
Master
of Economic Sciences
The
crisis phenomena forced to review a role of the state in financing of
industries number where considerable upgrade of the available infrastructure
and creation of national economy, new to achievement of innovative growth, is
required. In the conditions of financial instability private business (owing to
the unavailability to financing of long-term risk projects) took a waiting
attitude, however the state can't afford it as it is obliged to provide growth
of national economy in any including crisis situations. On the basis of the
developed prerequisites, need for the approved interaction when financing
upgrade and development of infrastructure of the country transport system is
established [1].
In
the N. A. Nazarbayev's letter, President of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, to the people of Kazakhstan «Strategy Kazakhstan-2050,
is noted that transport infrastructure is one of major factors of ensuring
sustained economic growth of the country: «For last years the set of large
strategic objects of industrial, transport infrastructure and infrastructure of
activity was put into operation. These are automobile and long distance
railways, pipelines, the logistic centers, terminals, the airports, stations,
ports and so on. Now we revive the New Silk way, creating the main transport
corridor Western Europe - the Western China» [2].
The
state program of infrastructure development «Nurla zhol» for 2015 - 2019 (further - the Program) is developed
for the purpose of implementation of the Message of the Head of state to the
people of Kazakhstan from November 11, 2014 «Nurla zhol - a way to the future» is directed to creation of the
single economic market of Kazakhstan by forming macroregions
of the country with determination of Almaty, Astana, Aktobe,
Shymkent and Ust-Kamenogorsk as city-hubs of national
and international level.
Implementation
of measures for support of separate economical sectors (machine-building,
agrarian), domestic exporters of processing industry and other actions will
provide preserving the current production volumes, the existing workplaces, and
also creation new in the conditions of deterioration in an environment in the foreign
markets.
In
recent years in Kazakhstan a number of the tendencies requiring development and
upgrade of infrastructure is observed.
In an
unsatisfactory condition there is more than a half of highways. At the same
time their extent annually grows.
The
main problems of the available transport infrastructure are its high wearing
and low handling capacity. Depreciation of the Kazakhstan highways makes 33%
for today that doesn't give the chance to the development of a cargo
transportation in the country. The available road infrastructure needs
reconstruction of the available highways and a construction of new.
For
decrease in depreciation of highways from 2001 to 2014 58 thousand km of
highways public are repaired, out of them 14,8 thousand km are completely
recovered that led to improvement of a condition of highways public by 31%.
|
year |
Extent of system, km |
condition, km |
||||||
|
a good |
satisfactory |
unsatisfactory |
||||||
|
% |
km |
% |
km |
% |
km |
|||
|
Akmola
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
7864 |
24 |
1877 |
45 |
3570 |
31 |
2417 |
|
|
Aktobe
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
6595 |
21 |
1385 |
47 |
3080 |
32 |
2130 |
|
|
Almaty region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
9317 |
30 |
2830 |
50 |
4670 |
20 |
1817 |
|
|
Atyrau
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
3052 |
26 |
786 |
35 |
1067 |
39 |
1199 |
|
|
East Kazakhstan region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
11836 |
31 |
3670 |
46 |
5436 |
23 |
2730 |
|
|
Zhambyl
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
5351 |
21 |
1118 |
61 |
3265 |
18 |
968 |
|
|
West Kazakhstan region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
6531 |
12 |
764 |
51 |
3329 |
37 |
2438 |
|
|
Karagandy
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
8844 |
34 |
3006 |
42 |
3756 |
24 |
2082 |
|
|
Kyzylorda
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
3352 |
24 |
816 |
54 |
1816 |
21 |
720 |
|
|
Kostanay
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
9290 |
10 |
963 |
55 |
5119 |
35 |
3208 |
|
|
Mangystau
region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
2586 |
30 |
769 |
54 |
1405 |
16 |
412 |
|
|
Pavlodar region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
5658 |
31 |
1772 |
45 |
2567 |
23 |
1319 |
|
|
North Kazakhstan region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
8998 |
20 |
1833 |
39 |
3504 |
41 |
3661 |
|
|
South Kazakhstan region |
||||||||
|
2015 |
7147 |
16 |
1130 |
55 |
3957 |
29 |
2060 |
|
|
In total: |
||||||||
|
2015 |
96421 |
24 |
22719 |
48 |
46541 |
28 |
27161 |
|
The
most part of Kazakhstan automobile and the railroads was designed and
constructed during the Soviet period. So the system automobile and the
railroads was directed generally to communication of the South and the North of the country that
became the reason of poor development of transport communications with other
regions of the country. Thus, it is necessary to provide «beam» approach of
development of infrastructure proceeding from the direction of development of macroregions [3].
Today
the extent of highways of the Republic of Kazakhstan constitutes 128,3 thousand
km from which more than 97,4 thousand km of highways public, including 23,5
thousand km of republican value and 73,9 thousand km of regional and district
value.
For
today all large cities of the country are connected among themselves by the
existing roads. However the roads connecting the cities hubs need to be
reconstructed and transferred to higher technical category depending on the
predicted increase in average daily traffic load of vehicles. At the same time,
for reducing extent of the road and time of stay it is on the way reasonable to
consider the possibility of a construction between the cities hubs of direct
roads. For example, for today the way from Astana to Aktobe
is paved through Kostanay. The construction of the
direct road through Arkalyk, Torgay,
Karabutak would reduce time of a way between these
cities by 7 hours.
Direction
Aktobe - Shymkent is
reconstructed within project implementation Western Europe - Western China and
transferred to the 1st and 2nd technical categories. In the direction Shymkent-Almaty construction works are conducted which will
be complete in 2016, and the road will be transferred to the 1st technical
category.
The
main task in the field of upgrade of road infrastructure is development and
deployment of modern mechanisms of investment that will allow to bring motor
transportation infrastructure into accord with requirements of dynamically
developing economy. For today works on a construction of republican routes for
improvement of messages of Astana with regions are conducted. So, in the
direction «Center South» on 273 km of highways are conducted, on the project «Center
East» reconstruction covered 570 km, in the western direction works on the road
of Aktau - Beyneu which are
planned to be finished in 2016.
Implementation
of priority road projects within this Program will allow to create complete and
effective infrastructure of highways of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to add
actions of the existing State program of development and integration of transport
system infrastructure till 2020, to provide full integration of macroregions of the country by the «beam» principle.
Now
along highways of republican value 2 357 objects of service are located from
which 41% are the share of gas stations, 42% for points of trade and food, 5,3%
occupy hotels, 7,3% - service stations, other 4,4% fall on car parks. According
to the national standard «Highways public.Requirements
to objects of road service and their services» are established, general
requirements to the services provided on highways of general uses of objects of
road service and road service, and also rule of their placement and
arrangement.
In
general, the gross requirement on a republican highway network constitutes more
than 400 complex objects of service. Today there are only 44 complex objects
with a complete scope of all services. At the same time, the most part of
objects of roadside service doesn't conform to the minimum requirements of
service quality and isn't capable to provide fully with them both the
international transit carriages, and the internal demand.
The
current situation is caused by low investment appeal, a high capital intensity
and natural commercial risks.
For
the solution of a transport problem the following prerequisites are the basis
for development of Transport strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan till 2020:
1)
including 12 within projects in the directions «Center — the South», «Center —
the East», «Center — the West», and the others 19 - within other projects of
reconstruction of highways;
2)
129 objects of service are planned to be grouped in the complex centers due to
attraction of small and medium business;
3)
100 existing objects are planned to be transformed to the service centers for
the purpose of development of branding of the large companies as joint-stock
company «KazMunaiGas» Oil
Company, «Helios» LLP,
«Gazpromneft
Kazakhstan» LLP,
«Sinooil» LLP
[4].
As
practically all transport services will be private enterprises, these entities
will independently cover the operating and capital expenses. In infrastructure
of road sector charges for use will be more directly tied to use of roads.
Participation
of a private sector in various spheres of transport sector, including long-term
concessionary agreements in case of which infrastructure, eventually, will
return to the state will be encouraged.
It is
necessary to emphasize that the potential of efficiency of transport is capable
to become a basic point of growth of economy and improvement of quality of life
of the population. Orientation to optimum functioning complex shall be
considered as an important factor of sustainable economic development, and the
deviation from optimum values is the indicator of an additional allowance for
growth. Along with public financing of objects of transport infrastructure
involvement of institutes of development (Development bank of Kazakhstan,
Innovative fund), others domestic and international financial institutions is
provided (the EBRD, ABR, the World Bank, IBR and others). Creation of favorable
climate for development of private business will be performed by provision of
the privileges and preferences stimulating updating of a property, plant and
equipment. Thus, financing of a program implementation will be carried out by
budgets of all levels, through investment attraction, and also on a commercial
basis: in structure of public-private partnership, concessions, through
creation of joint businesses on the basis of a private initiative [3].
The list of the used sources:
1.
-razvitiya-transportnoi-infrastruktury#ixzz4aERSnuZK
2. Rakhimberdinova M. U.
Analysis of the current state of transport infrastructure of the Republic of
Kazakhstan. Magazine: «Versatility: business valuations: problems and prospects
in the conditions of forming of the knowledge-intensive economy». Almaty,
Economy, 2014.
3. The transport strategy of the Republic of
Kazakhstan till 2015. http://www.ashgabat.kz/article/73
4. State
program. infrastructure development «Nurly zhol» for 2015 - 2019. Astana, 2015