Protsykevych A. Y.
postgraduate, Lviv University of Trade
and Economics
ASPECT OF the
EVOLUTION OF IT SERVICES MARKET
Awareness of the
nature and peculiarities of the functioning of the IT market and IT services,
effective and rational approaches to state regulation of its development,
including the need to understand the evolution and trends of the advancement of
information technology, characteristics of its current state. So, the
prerequisite for the launch of information technology was the emergence of the
so-called. «Electric» technologies (40-60 years of the XX century), based
on the use of electric typewriters with removable elements, copiers and
portable dictophones and transmitters of information.
The rapid
development of the field of information technology began in the late 60’s XX century after the invention and introduction of
high-performance computers and computer-based control systems in computer
centers. This fundamentally changed the approach to processing the form to
change the content of information and information technology, its accounting,
analysis and decision making, which became the beginning of the formation of «electronic» or «computer» technology.
Since the 70’s of XX century began to actively develop and improve the
basic components of information technology with a special bias on the
implementation of analytical function and increase the number of problems
analyzed. With the advent of personal computers, the microprocessor «revolution» has begun, which continues to this
day.
The fundamental change was the
transition from computing centers and centralization of management to
distributed computing potential, increasing the uniformity of information
processing technology and decentralized management, which ensured the
establishment of decision support systems and expert systems that today allow
the creation of unique information technology products and not only analyze,
but to simulate and with high accuracy to predict future changes that are
affected by a huge number of different factors and conditions, including
quality and behaviorally-motivational, without spending time on the programming
process. The main stages of the evolution of this kind of products are given in
Table. 1
Table. 1
The
evolution of basic business IT development [1, 22]
|
Years |
1970-1980 |
1980-1990 |
1990-2000 |
2000 until now |
|
Types of IT products |
MPS; MRP |
CRP; MRP II |
FRP; ERP; CRM; CSRP |
BPM; CPM; ERP II |
|
Characteristics of IT products |
MPS – volumetric calendar planning; MRP – planning of necessary
materials |
CRP – planning of necessary
capacities; MRP II – production resource
planning |
FRP – planning of financial
resources; ERP – enterprise resource management; CRM – customer relationship
management; CSRP – resource planning
synchronized with the buyer |
BPM – process management enterprise;
CPM – management of the overall efficiency of the enterprise; ERP II – management
of resources and external relations of the enterprise |
Let’s
add that the study of IT services directly, as well as the functioning and
development of the market of IT services, came to the end of the XX century.
and at the beginning of the XXI century. especially significant dimensions in
foreign as professional-professional, and specialized-scientific literature. Despite
K. Mak Hi clarification of the content
characteristics and features of IT services, including in the context of state
regulation of development, were also dealt with by such well-known scholars as S.
Adel’man, T. Allen, F. Vebster, M. Vermaat, T. Volker, T. Kashman, S. Morton,
K. Robins, I. Khayet, H. Shelli and others. In particular, I. Khayet
interpreted IT services as:
(1)
services that IT service providers provide to one or more customers; ... are
based on information technology and support business processes of the customer;
... consist of a combination of personnel, processes and technology and should
be described in the memorandum on the level of service;
(2)
a documented set of tools, both those belonging to and non-IT-supported by the
IT service provider, that perform the task and are perceived by the customer as
a whole [3].
Some
studies do not analyze the entire spectrum of IT services. Researchers
emphasize that the offer on the market of IT services forms 75-80 % of IT
outsourcing services; accordingly, this area of activity is predominantly
representing and characterizing IT services. In our opinion, it is possible to
agree with this statement in part. Moreover, a thorough study of outsourcing in
the IT field can deepen the classification of IT services. Therefore, pay attention
to the fact that in the general outsourcing market structure, for the most
part, distinguish the following segments:
-
information processing (IT outsourcing) and outsourcing of business processes; software
outsourcing, consulting services in IT and IT collaboration among IT service
providers and hardware and software vendors;
-
outsourcing IT support for the functioning and development of small and
medium-sized businesses, which, on the one hand, are more mobile, and on the
other hand, are more risk-averse, innovative IT products are created, tested
and transferred to large enterprises and multinational corporations; outsourcing
in the field of cloud technologies and computing, which significantly expands
the capabilities of information technology in the field of optimization and
lower operating costs, the use of economies of scale advantage (this includes
software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), application
platform as a service (aPaaS), infrastructure as a service (LaaS)).
According
to many leading IT outsourcing specialists, IT services are one or more IT systems
that make business processes accessible. This is computer software and other
software and a package of consulting services for their use and management [4].
The
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
provides a distinct interpretation of IT services: «... it is a complex of
processes, technologies and actions of personnel based on IT knowledge and
designed to ensure continuity and higher efficiency of customer business
processes; is the result of at least one action, which is necessarily carried
out in the interaction between the supplier and the consumer and is, as a rule,
intangible, and may include: the activity carried out on the material products
delivered to the consumer; provision of intangible products; creation of
favorable conditions for consumers» [5].
It
is expected that in the near future there will be a process of «merging»
information technologies and microbiological systems, which will ensure not
only the creation of artificial intelligence, but interaction and even
influence through information technology on living organisms. These trends
should also be taken into account when adapting the system of state regulation
of the development of the national economy to such new conditions and
challenges of national security.
In
the context of business entities that are, in fact, the main customers of IT
products, using them to streamline and improve the functioning of business and
the course of business processes, their careful attention is focused on the
historical stages of development of those functional areas of economic activity
that become objects of focusing on them the attention of IT developers, with
the subsequent creation and implementation of relevant products in such areas,
such as general planning of the company’s activities, management of different
kinds we are key business resources, modeling relationships with the buyer.
References
1. Denisenko, M. P. and Kolos, I. V. (2006). Information provision of effective enterprise management, Economy and the state, 7, 19-24.
2. Lytvyn, A. YE. (2011). Trends in the development of
the global information technology market, Theoretical
and practical aspects of economics and intellectual property, 2, 132-137.
3.
Internet resource of the magazine «Intelligent
Enterprise» (2016). Retrieved from https://www.iemag.ru.
4.
Internet
resource of the Union of companies managers of outsourcing companies «Smart
Sourcing» (2016). Retrieved from http://smartsourcing.ru.
5.
Internet
resource for IT specialists of «TM» (2016). Retrieved from https://habrahabr.ru.