Arabaji K.D ,Toktarova
S.N., Askarova A.D.,
Kapiyat A.Zh, Baidalieva
A.R.
Karagandy State
University named of
E.A.Buketov, Qazaqstan
Modern
methods the correction of stuttering
Speech is a historically developed form of human
communication through language constructs, created on the basis of certain
rules. The process of speech involves, on the one hand, the formation and
formulation of thought linguistic (verbal) means, and on the other hand, the
perception of language constructions and their understanding.
One of the types of speech disorders is stuttering.
Stuttering is a disorder of tempo-rhythmic organization of speech due to a
convulsive state of muscles of the vocal apparatus. Despite a long history of
studying and treating speech disorders, stuttering is one of the diseases the
mechanisms of which to date are not fully explored and explained. It should be
noted that the mechanisms of stuttering is heterogeneous[1].
Research based on experimental and
clinical-psychological study of stutterers, allowed us to formulate valuable
theoretical and practical provisions to determine the place of therapy and
various therapeutic interventions in a complex system of treatment.
Currently, there is no doubt the feasibility of the
differentiated and individual approach to stuttering in different age
categories, given the complex structure and pathogenesis of speech disorders.
It should be noted researchers have
different, and sometimes opposite points of view on this speech pathology.
In the rehabilitation of stutterers in the present
complex approach is used because the violation of the smoothness of speech
associated with a number of reasons both biological and socio-psychological
nature. First, it is a combination of correctional and pedagogical and
therapeutic work, which is directed at normalization of all of the parties
speech, motor skills, mental processes, education of the individual
saikou-segosa and recovery of the organism as a whole.
Second, the integrated approach includes a system of
clearly delineated, but coordinated means of different specialists. It provides
for joint work of a physician, speech therapist, psychologist, ritmica,
specialist in functional diagnostics, physical therapist and social worker[2].
Currently, the literature presents some methods of
speech therapy with stutterers (covering only certain aspects of concern to
us), and a number of comprehensive rehabilitation systems, the conceptual basis
of which is the consideration of the special needs of the patient, etiology,
mechanisms and symptoms of the disorders, including speech, psychological,
motor, and age characteristics of the patients.
If there is neurotic form of stuttering therapeutic
effects should be aimed at reducing the excitability of the emotiogenic
structures of the brain that can be pursued through a combination of medication
and various therapy techniques (stress therapy, hypnosis, autogenic training).
Speech therapy classes in this background are much more effective.
Stammering with neurosis-like form of speech defect
require long-term correctional and pedagogical influences contributing to the
development of the regulatory functions of the brain (stimulation of attention,
memory and other mental processes), in a special medical treatment aimed at
reduction of the consequences of early organic lesions of the brain. Speech
therapy classes for this group of stutterers should be regular for a
considerable time. In complex medical and psychological effects necessarily
include methods directed to aligning movements.
Thus, in cases where the neural mechanisms of
stuttering associated with organo-functional damage to motor structures of the
brain, normalization of the functional system of speech needs to go by
developing new recidivating reflexes, while in neurotic stuttering treatment is
directed at restoring and strengthening the existing speech motor automatism,
acquired in early speech ontogenesis. As in stammering there are specific
violations of the smoothness of speech, especially its rhythmic organization,
as well as changes in the motor area of dynamic praxis, and musical and
rhythmic abilities, it necessitates the formation of edmontoniansorganization
of speech, which is one of the most important governmental units in the complex
method of correction of stuttering.
The ambiguity of the views of researchers on the
treatment results due to different approaches to the definition of grades and
criteria of efficiency of this correction of speech disorders[3].
The efficiency of correction of stuttering is
determined by several factors:
• the nature of the defect and the severity of his
symptoms (speech, motor and psychological features);
• the timing of the start of the corrective action and
its duration;
• the complexity of the impact;
• the adequacy of the chosen methods of correctional
influence, into account age and psychological characteristics of students,
etc.; installing in the teaching[2].
High plasticity of the Central nervous system,
selection of proper means and methods of influence and other factors determine
generally favorable perspective of the process of correction of stuttering[3].
Thus, to overcome stuttering, researchers still express
different points of view from which, the most correct appear to be one that
provides a comprehensive medico-pedagogical and psychological approach to the
rehabilitation of stutterers.
References:
1. Belyakova L. I.
,D'yakova E. A. Stuttering. Textbook for students of pedagogical institutes,
specialty “Speech therapy” — Moscow: V. Sekachev, 1998. —P 178.
2. Sheveleva N. A.
Correction of speech in stammering students. - M.: Education, 2000. –P 35.