Строительство и архитектура/5.Теплогазоснабжение и вентиляция

R. D. Islamgulov

Bashkir state agrarian University, Russia

Features of work and the future

the external combustion engine

In XIX century there was a need to replace steam engines to something more secure as boilers often exploded due to high pressure steam and some serious design flaws.

A good option was the external combustion engine, which was patented in 1816 by Scottish clergyman Robert Stirling.

The work of Stirling machines based on a closed thermodynamic cycle. Periodic processes of compression and expansion are underway at different temperatures. Workflow management is realized through changing its volume.

In this engine at low temperature is the compression of gas and at high expansion. Periodic change of parameters is due to the use of a special piston, having the function of the propellant. Heat to the working fluid thus supplied from the outside, through the wall of the cylinder. This feature entitles the car to be called a Stirling external combustion engine.

Prospects of application of Stirling engines

Stirling engines have significant advantages compared to internal combustion engines, such as: - minor consumption of lubricants;

- very low emissions of major pollutants, much lower than the engine, due to the constant combustion of fuel in favorable conditions;

- slight noise from engine Stirlinga because there is no timing mechanism, and a smooth continuous combustion process, in contrast to the explosive combustion in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine;

small maintenance workload;

and also independence to specific substance of the Stirling engine.

The disadvantages include the bulkiness, so as to make a compact, reliable and powerful heat exchangers is very difficult.

Today, the manufacture of the Stirling engine needs more money than regular ice, however, its operation is much more economical.

Application

Currently the Stirling engine with generator use in many ways. It is a universal source of electrical energy in refrigerators, pumps, submarines, and solar power stations. Thanks to the use of different types of fuel there is a possibility of its wide use.

Here are specific examples of use:

• Today released independent generators for tourists. There are models that run from the gas burners;

NASA has ordered a variant of the generator based on the "Stirling" that runs from nuclear and radioisotope heat sources. It will be used in space missions.

• Manufacturers of household refrigerators are introducing models with "steer-Linga". They are more economical, and as the refrigerant assumes is-to use the common air;

• Combined Stirling heat pump optimises the heating system in the house. He will give bargain the heat of the "cold" cylinder, and the resulting mechanical energy can be used to swap the heat that comes from the environment;

• Today, all submarines of the Navy of Sweden installed Stirling engines. They run on liquid oxygen, which is then used for respiration. A very important factor for boat, low noise, and disadvantages of the type: "big size", "need cooling" – in the conditions of the submarine is not significant. Similar installations are equipped with the latest Japanese submarines type "litter";

• The Stirling engine is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. For this purpose it is mounted in the focus of a parabolic mirror. The Stirling Solar Energy company builds solar collectors with a capacity of up to 150 kW per mirror. They are used in the world's largest solar power plant in southern California.

Currently, more than fifty foreign companies are working on improving the design of the Stirling engine in order to adapt it to mass production for the needs of people. And if we can address the shortcomings of this type of engines, at the same time retaining its advantages, it is Stirling, not turbines and electric motors will replace petrol engine.

Literature:

1. Insafutdinov Z. S. Modernization of the stands for adjustable fuel pumps automotive diesel engines [Text] / S. Z. Insafutdinov, L. N. Kostenko // Materials of all-Russian conference dedicated to the 75th anniversary since the opening of the Chuvash state agricultural Academy / Chuvash state agricultural Academy. - Cheboksary, 2006. - P. 524-527.

2. Insafutdinov S. Z. an Autonomous power supply system [Text] / S. Z. Insafutdinov, F. R. Safin, A. Sharafeev // heating. Water. Air conditioning : the materials of International scientific-practical conference, held within the framework of the XVII specialized exhibition (10-11 April 2013) / Bashkir GAU. - Ufa, 2013. - Pp. 19-21.

3. Electronic unit stand to adjust injectors of diesel engines subject to back pressure [Text] / F. R. Safin, S. Z. Insafutdinov // Scientific provision of AIC development in the context of reforms : collection of scientific works / Saint-Petersburg state agrarian University. - Saint-Petersburg, 2014. - Part 1. - P. 419-422.