Секция
филологические
науки/ Методика
преподавания
языка и литературы
Teaching special terms to the students of mechanical department
Words used in special trades or occupations often have their
significance and take on specialized meanings. Technical terms are usually good
illustrations of this process by which a word’s meaning is narrowed or limited.
Different branches of science give numerous new compounds. Scientific and
technical terms constantly enter into technical language. In order to transmit
a term from one language into another, one must understand this term in the
language from which one is to translate it and find equivalents to express it
in the other language. Vocabulary is one of the aspects of the language to be taught.
The vocabulary of special terms must be carefully selected in accordance with
the material, the conditions and learning a foreign language.
Learning special terms, their forms, meanings and usage is not an easy
task since every word belongs to different groups as well as different parts of
speech. It is of interest to note that use of terms is evidently on the
increase now. With the expansion of linguistic interest into professional terms
vocabulary studies in our day have taken of new vitality. Every term presents a
unit of semantic, phonetic and grammatical elements. Practically translation
was to be used as a mean of conveying the meaning and ensuring comprehension of
difficult points in a text. It helps in obtaining knowledge of vocabulary and developing
of speech habits and skills. If we consider translation from the point of view
of the relationship between the mother tongue and the foreign language, we
distinguish the following types of translation: translation from the foreign
language into the native language, translation from the native language into
the foreign language and retranslation. The selection of the special terms
vocabulary is very important. On teaching vocabulary the instructor
should
constantly use all kinds of vocabulary testing to see how his students
assimilate the form, the meaning, and the usage of the words.
The study of the theme
´Construction and road-building machinery´ at the second course of
Mechanical department allows one to get closely acquainted with the terms on specialty.
The construction, road–building machinery branch of engineering industry
produces a great variety of machines and equipment for various applications,
conditions and climatic zones. The students get acquainted with the extensive
range of machinery and equipment including excavators, boom–type self–
propelled and tower cranes, concreting equipment, a large number of road
building machines, equipment for production of prefabricated reinforced
concrete articles, equipment for building materials industry, power and hand
tools and construction finishing machines. The construction and road–building
engineering industry is aimed in first place at comprehensive mechanization of
construction methods to gain higher engineering standards in building industry.
In teaching vocabulary of special terms both translation and learning of
special words are of great importance. The lesson on ´Earth–moving
machinery´ represents many terms on speciality: ´power
shovels´ (одноковшовые экскаваторы),
´continuous–action
trenching machines´ (траншейные экскаваторы непрерывного действия), ´bulldozers–rippers´ (бульдозеры–рыхлители), ´scrapers´
(скреперы),
´motor grades´ (автогрейдеры), ´loaders´ (погрузчики), ´drilling
rigs´ (буровые),
´drilling–crane machines´ (бурильно–крановые машины), etc. The students make up the vocabulary and
classify the distinctive features of these machines. First of all they
determine the wide usage of power–saving systems and study the models of
hydraulic power shovels which are furnished with various types of replaceable
attachments and working members including attachments and working members
including ´excavating´ (экскавационные), ´loading´ (погрузочные),
´cleaning´ (зачистные),
´grading´ (планировочные), and ´shaping dippers´ (продильные
ковши), ´hydraulic hammers´ (гидромолоты), ´clamshells´
(грейферы), ´rippers´ (рыхлители), ´jaw–type grips´
(захватно–клещевое оборудование),
´extended backhoe equipment´ (удлиненное оборудование обратной лопаты),
´dragline´
(драглайн), and ´deep–digging equipment´ (оборудование для глубокого
копания).
Particular care should be taken to see that students learn and can use
in speech as many word combinations as possible. They prepare vocabulary list
of alphabetized or functionally arranged groups of special terms. The term
´excavating machine´ or ´power shovel´ (экскаватор):
´hydraulic excavator´ (гидравлический экскаватор),
´crawler–mounted power shovel´ (гусеничный экскаватор), ´wheel-mounted power shovel´
(колесный экскаватор),
´bucket excavator´ (многоковшовый экскаватор), ´shovel excavator´ (одноковшовый
экскаватор), ´full–revolving shovel´ (одноковшовый полноповоротный
экскаватор), ´rotary bucket excavator´ (роторный экскаватор),
´trenching machine´ (траншейный экскаватор), ´walking
excavator´ (шагающий экскаватор),
´crawler excavator´ or ´crawler–mounted power shovel´
(экскаватор на гусеничном ходу), ´wheel–mounted shovel ´(экскаватор
на пневмоколесном ходу), ´backhoe´
, ´back shovel´ (одноковшовый экскаватор типа обратная лопата),
´power shovel´ or ´push shovel´ (одноковшовый
экскаватор типа прямая лопата),
´dragline´ (экскаватор–драглайн),
´stacker´ (экскаватор–отвалообразователь),
´skimmer´ (экскаватор-планировщик),
´forward shovel´ (экскаватор-прямая лопата), ´back
shovel´ (экскаватор- обратная
лопата).
When choosing the machines for a group students take into account their
capacity, the method of carrying out the job, the kind of job to be performed,
their design and weight. Up to this stage the student has been chiefly learning
to understand the terms. He learns that there is more than one meaning to
translate. Some words and expressions remain in his passive vocabulary because
he has met them only in reading, but the terms will no longer be completely
vague when he meets them again. This stage is a rapid expansion of vocabulary.