Seleznyov A. I.
Lavlinskyy R. A.

POLITICAL PARTIES, THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

Political party - an organization that expresses the interests of social class or country, uniting their most active members and leading them to achieve certain goals and ideals. A political party is the potential and future of each state, which is capable of with the support of citizens and the state itself as a political update, business leaders, and to offer alternative ways of revival of the Ukrainian state with the release of political collapse of power, so the question of decomposition of the party system in the socio-political processes in Ukraine is quite important.

Some aspects of these issues have been highlighted in studies Pahareva A., F. Rudich, M. Mikhalchenko, Shapoval, etc.

The aim of this work are the political parties and party system formation in Ukraine as an integral driving force in the development and overcoming the economic and social problems.

In Western politics dominates the view that in the absence of political parties, Democratic Alternative political movements of the nature of power is impossible. Parties shall participate in political life at all stages of the political process, to a large extent determine its nature, stability and civility, strategy and tactics of the struggle for power. Representing one of the most important elements of the political system, political parties in countries with a democratic regime acting as intermediary between certain individual and the state. They formulate the requirements for the political system (the articulation of interests), generalize and coordinate the claim and demand, transforming them into a political position (aggregation of interests), systematize requirements and if necessary, limit them to certain global education requirements because of their excessive amounts can lead to or overloading of the system to a standstill. Depending on their positions political parties can support the political system, which is expressed in support of the regime to which it relies, in support of the authorities.

Political parties draw their members for political activity, enhance their political culture. Given this, the party is an important factor in the formation of a developed civil society.

History of political parties, which are characterized by a high degree of institutionalism, political movements, reaches the end of XVIII - early XIX century. Today, political scientists in over 200 countries around the world account for the number of political parties, which reach thousands, even in the late 70s of last century there were two times less.

The key elements of the political parties are: the existence of the social base, then there is a link the party with a certain class, social stratum, group, or their combination, the presence of specific worldviews and ideological principles, around which are grouped members of the party, the presence of a formalized organizational structure (membership, organization, government and party apparatus, etc.) installed on the achievement of specific goals for the reorganization of society according to the ideological, setting to achieve political power and action to its practical implementation, finding support from the people in elections and other political action.

Defining feature of the party as a political institution is the struggle for power with other parties in the same state, it is only with the power it can achieve its goals.

In the early 90-s of the XX century in Ukraine has undergone significant changes in all spheres of society, in particular in the political. It was during this period occurred establishment of a multiparty system because a significant number of political parties with different ideological orientation. Appeared on the political market and the demand and supply. Political forces have had to compete, to get voter support, new ideas, approaches and concepts of development. But most of them had developed the organizational structure at the regional level, strong financing, a significant number of members supporting the authoritative and influential persons.

The multiparty system has several varieties. Thus, the system is limited pluralism presupposes a significant number of parties, among which there are only a few strong, they are represented in parliament, and some of them and the government. The system of polarized pluralism also implies that the number of parties, but among them are the powerful far-right and far left. Under this system, the government is usually formed parties of the center, between the center and left-right opposition, there are sharp ideological confrontation.

By the beginning of the first session of the Verkhovna Rada of IV convocation was formed eight factions of political parties and blocs, overcame a 4-percent threshold. The formation of groups and factions, as happened on ideological, party, and regional and corporate grounds. In addition, there have been cases creating factions and groups in order to advance the private interests of individual leaders.

The next period of the Parliament began the creation of pro-presidential majority in February 2000 and ended in the 2002 parliamentary elections, forming a new political structure of the parliament and installing a different type of relations between the Parliament and head of state. Under the political structuring of Parliament understand the relevant criteria as determined by means of accommodation provided by it of political forces, which alone or by combining institutionalized through their parliamentary status of the subjects form a parliamentary process - the parliamentary groups and factions, a coalition of factions.

Ukraine's political parties - the young institution. He began to take shape in the period of perestroika and glasnost in the last decades of the century. In April 2001 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "On Political Parties in Ukraine", which defines the criteria for registration of political parties. Early parliamentary elections in Ukraine September 30, 2007 was attended by 20 parties and blocs. According to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on November 2011 were registered in Ukraine 192 political parties.

In conclusion, I would like to note that an integral part of civil society, which seeks to Ukraine, is a developed party system. This system is relatively young institution. Political parties and party system formation in Ukraine is already like 22 years. Parties are the driving force in the development and overcoming the economic and social problems.