Economic sciences/10. Economy of enterprise

O. S. Shtan'ko

Vinnytsya national technical university, Ukraine

Characteristics of energy consumption in the agrarian sector of the economy

Farming industry presents first of all the energy saturated type of manufacturing. The annual consumption of energy by the native agroindustrial complex makes up app.12 million tons of standard coal. Such volumes of energy make up only 4% of total volume of energy consumption in Ukraine. The issue stipulates not for the volume of the resources consumed, but for the economic role of the above factor in ensuring the accepted level of efficiency in the activity of agricultural enterprise due to the low level of profitability of agrarian business and the aggregate of problems in the brunch.

The important factor is the variety of types of agricultural products, manufacturing technology as well as cost price of which differs greatly. It should be also mentioned that the agriculture belongs to the vital sphere of economic activity of the society, which cannot be changed for or compensated. At the same time farm production remains the main business to the major part of society, especially in the poorly developed countries. That is why the economic characteristics of the agrarian sector exert the direct and significant influence first of all on the local agrarian societies. The above relates also to the native rural economy, the crisis phenomena in which, unlike in other brunches of economy, have been of long term character for the past decades.

Following from the above, the creation of the adequate system of analysis for the modern farming industry as the base of the optimization of its parameters both, on micro as well as on macroeconomic levels, must be considered as the scientific task of great priority.

This evokes the peculiarity in analysis and a mechanism of ensuring the brunch model efficiency as a whole and the separate agricultural enterprise. Such analysis must stipulate for the integrated evaluation of both, productive and expendable factor of agricultural production, which will allow to single out the contribution of separate factors (applied resources) of production in the achievement of final results, that is, to evaluate objectively the level and the character of economy management, as well as to have the strict analysis of resources usage, resource intensity of the output. This is the base for the balanced, substantiated planning of the economic activity in agrarian sector, and for pursuing the efficient policy in state regulation.

The analysis of the references states that scholars and practitioners form the critical approach to the modern market as the significant economic institute of the society, in which agriculture, due to the objective preconditions, cannot have the appropriate level of economic profitability, competitiveness in comparison with other spheres of economy.

At the same time the crisis state of the native agricultural sector may be referred to the problems of the development of the whole post soviet agrarian sector. It is obvious that the sphere of energy consumption must be unde3r the influence of the state control. Therefore it is suggested to create the multi level fund of energy saving and the unique coordinated system for the energy saving strategies on the different levels of economy in which the incentives for the energy saving on the level of each separate enterprise shall be agreed upon on all the further levels of administrative and economic hierarchy in the country

The conception of the energy approach, which is considered to be one of the perspective ones, may be referred to as the new approach to the simulation of the efficiency in economy. The research of agricultural systems from the point of view of energy has been widely carried out beginning with 80-th of the ХХ century, which was stipulated for by the sharp increase in energy intensively of the production.

The systematization and improvement of methodical developments was strengthened with the introduction of the term “energy dispersive analysis” and its approving by the working group on methodology on the congress which took place in Sweden in august 1975 under the aegis of the International Federation of Institutes for Perspective Studies, which resulted in the creation of the famous methodical base within the Food and Agricultural Organization (method “Energy and Agriculture” //The State of Food and Agriculture, 1977). The use of the above approach, however, remains a problematic one, though there is no famous work, which eliminates the rationality of at least one idea, stated in it.

But the potential, restrictions and perspectives of the above approach must be analyzed along with the other aspects as for the retrospective formation of the corresponding theory. Thus, the history of the paradigm of the energy approach must refer the time, when the society conceptually formed the point of view about the unique role of the agriculture with the necessity to apply some evaluation methods of its perfection, regulation methodology and searching the ways for its improvement.

So, the peculiarity of agricultural production is the functional dependability of its efficiency on the specificity of attraction, use, recover and transformation of flows of different kinds of resources. The above is stipulated for by the available system of controlling over the manufacturing, realized in the activity of specific agricultural enterprises. The objective and generalizing criteria in analyzing the efficiency in production and enterprises in this sphere is the efficiency in energy use. The above evokes the peculiarities of inner-organizational control systems, which must be built on the criteria of efficient energy consumption. This brings into focus the issue of substantiation of the system for energy management.