Economic sciences/9. Industrial economics

Vakhlakova V. V.

Donbas State Technical University

Procedure of providing ecological compatibility at the industrial enterprise

The operating of industrial enterprise is negatively influenced by ecologically unbalanced development. Its degenerative nature prevents labour and social products to be produced as well as worsens management conditions. Air, water and soil pollution precipitates physical depreciation of production means and reduces productivity in all branches of economy.

The conditioning of surrounding nature is closely related to necessity of solving the whole maze of ecological problems in country’s social production. As it is known social production is the basis of social and economic development.

Sustainable development of the industrial enterprise is stipulated by providing its ecological compatibility [1].

The problem of ecological compatibility is the main one at any branch of industry. The consumers’ choices nowadays are changing for benefit of ecological products and goods which along with their production are friendly to environment. And business as one of the main elements of society should operate regarding to its influence on the environment. It is true both for the operating process and the results of such operating.

Ecological evaluation of production technology covers analyses of ecological consequences and ecological technology risks along with their estimation. It is true in case of normal or emergency object’s operation for the purpose of proving technology ecological safety or its hazard evaluation.

Technology ecological estimation is the part of ecological assessment of the production or any operating process, that’s why there is a need for defining the term of technology ecological estimation.

Techniques ecological estimation is the evaluation of ecological compatibility and the degree of resources intensivity; as to technology ecological estimation, it is the evaluation of low-waste technology in comparison with standard produced or the best existing examples.

In Ukraine industry is the most environmentally harmful stationary source, its atmosphere emissions come up to 91,3 percent.

The main air pollution sources are power, metallurgical, chemical, wastes and oil-refining industries. They emit to the atmosphere such hazardous substances as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, chlorine, phenol, acetone, benzene and others. Considerable atmosphere pollution leads to the necessity of developing and realizing activities as to reducing emission.

The same tendency take place in Luhansk region.

Thus, in 2010 superpoison part amounts 69 percent of the whole atmosphere emission.

According to government statistics the state of ecological loading in Ukraine is critical. In comparison with the same rate of highly industrialized countries it is higher more than four or five times.

Until now about three million tones of chemical compounds never occurring naturally come out to the biosphere, and dozens of thousands of such components are annually added to this list [1, 2].

Great number of different waste products indicates of low production effectiveness, which as to the level of natural recourses usage reaches only 5-10 percent, and 90-95 percent that remind are lost almost irrevocably.

Considerable specific weight in the structure of country’s industry is covered by potentially dangerous production (42,8 % of the production assets, 33,8% of the output, 21% of operating stuff).

We should say that the production is considered to be potentially dangerous when the technological systems disoperation is followed by serious social, economical and ecological consequences. On the average in Ukraine the share for each cubic meter is 2.6 person of industrial stuff working at anthropogenic dangerous objects [2].

There are the possible reasons of ecological problems:

- nature conservation work is almost ceased in recent years;

- waste disposal equipment is 50-70% wear-proned, and because of the lack of money its renovating is impossible;

- capital construction, ecological objects reconstruction and modernization, ecological and resource-saving technology introduction are be slacked off or sometimes canceled;

- active economical nature management mechanism has fiscal features directed basically to accumulating money on local, regional and governmental levels and rarely takes into consideration economic interests of an enterprise;

- tax system is imperfect, any privileges as to nature saving activity are available.

In recent years some laws on regulating nature saving activities in Ukraine are adopted [5].

But they only define basic directions of ecological policy in Ukraine. Complex solution of ecological problems is possible only along with the policy that is directed to sustainable development of Ukraine [3].

Securing production ecological compatibility is possible in two ways. First one means the general production ecologization provided by using pollution-free fuel, technologies, high-performance cleaning equipment along with the next wastes recycling. This way is usually closely related to considerable capital investments and long terms realization. The other way is associated with ecologization of the whole production management system by means of taking into consideration ecological factors in every structural element of this system. Providing it doesn’t depend on capital investments and may be considered as the effectiveness increase reserves of enterprise’s production ecological compatibility [5].

To secure sustainable use of natural resources and to avoid environment pollution providing ecological compatibility of productive and non-productive industry is needed.

The main vectors of providing ecological compatibility in productive industry are the following:

1) to develop theoretical and methodological basis of ecologization enterprises of different forms of ownership;

2) to enable technical and economical ways of potential production ecologization in different branches of industry;

3) to create resource-saving economic mechanism;

4) to use natural resources thoroughly and rationally;

5) to locate production subject to ecological factors [4].

Providing ecological compatibility in non-productive industry in its turn concedes the following:

1) to create favorable conditions for social and ecological stability of the area;

2) to protect population from the intensive influence of polluting factors;

3) to establish ecological education system;

4) to provide ecologically-oriented housing and communal services.

In whole the principals of providing ecological compatibility of productive and non-productive industries are presented below. The are:

- interconnection and interdependence of all natural processes;

- scientific assessment of ecologization processes;

- territorial approach which takes into consideration the structure of natural resources at the given area as well as social and economic conditions;

- study of future ecological consequences which could influence health and living conditions.

As social production involves all economic fields, the necessity of creating the concept of providing ecological compatibility of economic development takes place.

Література

1. Кислый В. Н., Лапин Е. В., Трофименко Н. А. Экологизация управления предпритием: Монография. – Сумы: ВТД «Университетская книга», 2009.–232с.

2. Кузъменко С. В., Вишняк И.М., Царенко А.М. Методические рекомендации по созданию системы управления производством экологически чистых продуктов // Вісник технологічного ун-ту Поділля. - 2010. - № 2. - С. 133-137.

3. Статистичний щорічник України за 2010 рік/ За редакцією Осауленка О.Г. Держкомстат України, Київ, Видавництво «Консультант», 2011.– 615 с.

4. Федорищева А., Бугрим О. Техногенно-экологическая ситуация в Украине и управление уровнем ее безопасности // Экономика Украины. - 2008. - № 5. - С. 74-79.

5. Хусаинова А. А. Экологические аспекты стратегического планирования на предприятиях: Афтореф. дис. канд. экон. наук. – М. – 2001. – 28с